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On September the 11th 2001, the international crisis of terrorism exploded in
America. The dark cloud that loomed over lower Manhattan eventually cleared but
the reality of the American entrance into the battlefield of terror didn’t dissipate.
When President Bush addressed his stunned and grieving nation, he declared a
crusade on terrorists and all who harbored them, and “when [his] remarks were
translated into Arabic for broadcast throughout the Middle East, the word crusade
was rendered as ‘war of the cross’” (Carrol 5). This religious reference rang true to
those terrorists who had attacked the World Trade Center; all were members of
Osama Bin Laden's terrorist network Al Qaeda. The group is a militant Islamist
organization that believes those who commit acts like those of September 11th are
martyrs, welcomed into eternal paradise.
The phenomenon of martyrdom is not exclusive to Islam. By definition, a martyr is
“one who voluntarily suffers death rather than deny his religion by words or deeds;
such action is afforded special, institutionalized recognition in most major religions
of the world…the term may also refer to anyone who sacrifices his life or
something of great value for the sake of principle” (Britannica). The word is derived
from the Greek word for witness. Throughout the ages, willingness to die for a
noble cause has been a persistent idea. In three of the world’s major religions-
Judaism, Christianity and Islam, martyrdom has played a significant role.
In Judaism, the concept of martyrdom is referred to as Kiddush Hashem which
means sanctification of God's name. This definition includes refusal to renounce the
word of God for reasons of convenience or to save one’s life. According to Judaic
beliefs, Abraham, the first Hebrew patriarch, was thrown into a furnace for
denouncing idolatry. Though he was saved by God, his brush with death made him
the first martyr of the Jewish faith. During medieval times, Jews were persecuted
by Christians throughout Europe, and were frequently put to death for crimes such
as blood libel and host desecration1. Many Jews were forced to flee Spain during
the Inquisition to avoid being unjustly persecuted under the pretense of similar
offenses. These martyrs were usually burned at the stake. In the 1940’s Hitler
systematically slayed over six million Jews during the reign of the Third Reich.
These are just a few examples of martyrs of Judaism.
In early Christianity, all believers were considered martyrs. Later, this distinction
was reserved for those who refused to renounce their faith and suffered as a
result, whether they were injured or killed. Eventually, only those who were killed
for their beliefs were considered martyrs.
With all the events which were occurring in the world, Urban had successfully chosen to launch the crusade at a time when the Christian West was ready to put a stop to the fighting in the East by eliminating all opposition to the Christians. It was also the perfect time for the Pope’s message of ‘guiltless, meritorious violence’. To an audience bred on fighting but fearful of hell the promise of an Indulgence was irresistible.
"I really believe that the pagans, and the abortionists, and the feminists, and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle, the ACLU, People for the American Way, all of them who have tried to secularize America. I point the finger in their face and say: " you helped this happen. This could be if we all fast and pray this could be god's call to revival"
It is clear that Hadewijch did not adopt the same positive view of Holy War that many of her contemporaries seem to favor. Her words allude to the tensions between Christianity and Islam in the Latin East, specifically, during the Second and Third Crusades. If humans cannot live together peacefully, she fears, there will be constant bloodshed. Ironically, Hadewijch’s advice, largely ignored, illuminates truths in the struggle to recapture the Holy Cities across the Mediterranean.
When situations arise and people die or become ill a value has to be placed on their life to determine if they are going to be healed or if their family is going to be compensated for their loss. The value of life has a variety of interpretations based on the approach a person decides to take. Some people think of human life with an economic point of view which can led to certain deceased citizens receiving more money for accidents than others. The economic view also says that if a surgery is going to cost the government to much money then the person who needs the surgery should not get it. On the other hand, some people look at it emotionally and say that everyone should get an equal amount of money for incidents that occur. People who look
In 1692, one of the most inhumane tragedies occurred in the small village of Salem, Massachusetts. Now infamously recognized as the “Salem Witch Trials,” the trials were based on faulty accusations that charged others of being witches. These accusations resulted in a considerable amount of people being imprisoned and hanged, and it ended with 20 people being killed. 309 years later, four planes were hijacked by terrorists and were set to crash in four important government centers and buildings. Consequently, these attacks resulted in 2,966 deaths and it was the most severe attack ever on American soil. The terrorists were revealed to be Muslims, and that they supposedly did it in the name of “Allah”, which is the Arabic translation for God.
The attacks that occurred on 9/11 took place on September 11th, 2001. In this devastating event, four different attacks had taken place. Each of the attacks were carried out by terrorists. The group responsible for the attack was Al-Qaeda, a militant Islamist organization that is known to be global in present day. The group itself has a network consisting of a Sunni Muslim movement that aims to make global Jihad happen. Furthermore, a stateless, multinational army that is ready to move at any given time. This terrorist group focuses on attacking non-Sunni Muslims, those who are not Muslim, and individuals who the group deems to be kafir. Ever since the late 1980s, Al-Qaeda has been wreaking havoc all around the world. The leader of the group once being Osama bin Laden. Three planes were bound for New York City while another plane headed towards Washington, D.C. which was supposed to take out the U.S. Capitol. Two of the airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center. One plane hitting the North Tower and the other hitting the South Tower. The third plane had crashed into the Pentagon taking out the western side of the building. The last and final plane was focused solely on taking out the U.S. Capitol in Washington D.C. but failed due to passengers of the plane coming hijacking it from the hijackers. The passengers attempted to take out the hijackers but sadly failed, crashing it into a field in Pennsylvania. Throughout the content of this paper, we will be focusing on the role of media when it comes to 9/11; more specifically: how the media's coverage of 9/11 manipulated our feelings towards 9/11, how it affected Islamophobia in America, and the lasting effects of 9/11.
Blackburn, Paul. trans. Poem of the Cid. ed. George Economou. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991). Nelson2 "Some Comments on the Song of the Cid". Lynn H. Nelson. Nelson1 "The Song of El Cid". Lynn H. Nelson. Routledge, Michael. "Songs". The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. ed. Johnathon Riley Smith. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997). Schneider, Joe P. "El Cid". The Catholic Encyclopedia.
9-11 was a very tragic point in United States because it made the nation feel helpless. Many people were killed during 9-11, 2,977 died during the events. Local fire departments tried to help but some were able too. Many firefighters were angry because they wanted to help but a few of them were sent out. When the first plane hit many people needed to evacuate but eventually stopped by security guards. Then another plane hit the second tower. It took an hour and thirty minutes for both towers to completely collapse. All airlines were shut down during the attacks preventing anybody from leaving. People were shocked and scared because it came from nowhere and nobody expected it to happen. 9-11 is an tragic event that caught many people by surprise,
An event that has impacted was 9/11. It shook everybody's world. 9/11 is a mark on our planet and it probably won't go away, unless it never happened. It started at 8:45 guys flew up in planes and crashed into the twin towers, and killed allot of people. Even before that, they attacked some of our warships, also they accused us for many attacks so they wanted to crash us.(modern world history)(Donnovan 1) Mostly in the Middle East. The generation has become new every year we are rebuilding ourselves not just us but New York and the world. People who experienced 9/11 are still reacting to it every day. They are still trying to understand the changing world. (Barbara 1)
As Americans, we used to worry little about war, having enough to eat, travel, freedom, and our most basic everyday activities. The tragic events of September 11, 2001 have forever changed the American way of life. We have become more concerned with our physical safety because of the endless terror attacks in America and other countries. Americans have certainly become more patriotic since September 11. Many of us watch the news to learn of any new terror attack or major offensive against cities in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, a variety of countries in Africa, Yemen and numerous other locations. The stock exchange hit bottom on September 21 in the 8100 range and is now back over 17,000 (Pellegrini). Oil prices have been dropping, which will help to boost our slowing economy. Unemployment rates will unfortunately probably remain the same. "Manpower, Inc. said Monday that its survey of United States companies' hiring intentions for the first three months of the year barely registered a pulse, but our commitment together to boost the nation's economy will ensure a bright future. America's future seems to be based on our new ideas formed since September 11, but yet we still carry on the problems of the past. There is still many Americans living in poverty. There is still illegal drugs that infest our nation with addiction and crime that encircles the drug trade. There are many children not getting a good education and many of whom who are fearful of violence at our schools. It is up to us as Americans to face these problems head on now more than ever before.
The nation has had many events that have caused the world to stand still, or so to speak, but nothing has rocked our nation more than 9/11. 9/11 changed our nation and still to this day continues to make people cautious. When an event causes as much destruction, pain, and chaos as 9/11. How did the planning stages of this attack get overlooked? It is still a question as to whether or not this big attack could have been prevented.
The view of the Church towards war from its inception in the first century until 1095, when Pope Urban II officially called Christians together to fight in the first Crusade, changed drastically according to Thomas Madden (1). In the first hundred years after the death of Christ war was seen for only stately gain by the Roman state, which was persecuting Christians. However, the conversion of Emperor Constantine brought a union between the state and Christianity. War became a necessary tool, but due t...
First shock, then terror, followed by sorrow and lastly rage were my emotions on September 11th, 2001 when a hijacked airliner crashed into the Twin Towers in New York City. Tunh! Tunh! Tunh! All circuits are busy; please try again at a later time. This message kept repeating as I tried to call my cousin in New York, who was working in the South Tower. At the time the American Airlines flight 11 just moments earlier crashed into the North Tower. I sat in my house in shock and terror. Then at 9:05 am, about twenty minutes after the first collision, United Airlines flight 175 crashed into the South Tower. I began to feel the knot in my throat getting tighter and tighter until I just finally began crying. I still didn’t have any word from my cousin and when both of the buildings plummeted to the streets below, I thought for sure he was dead. When I returned home, my mother informed me that he had gotten out before the buildings went down. Turning on the television was another ordeal in itself. All of the news stations repeatedly exhibited the buildings plunging to the ground. I felt extreme sorrow for the families of those who had not made it out alive. They had to relive that horrible moment over and over again. I was also outraged. How could such an act be committed on American soil? The only way we can answer this question is to look at the terrorists who could do such an act and what possible reasons they have for doing it.
God's word was enough to have a person put to death. Even if they were
Our responsibility as citizens of a country at war, is nothing more, importantly, than funneling our wartime dollars, into this weeping economy: faithfully, into this fallible dot-com revolution.