According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the Marburg Virus, or the Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), is a very deadly virus. It has a fatality rate anywhere from 24% all the way up to 88% if an outbreak occurs. The Marburg virus takes its name from Marburg, Germany; which is the place where it was initially detected in the year of our Lord 1967. There were other outbreaks of this virus in Frankfurt, Germany and also in Belgrade, Serbia. The main carrier of this virus is believed to be the rousettus aegypti, or fruit bat. Once a human has come into contact with this virus it is easily spread among other humans. Most notably through through bodily fluids exchanged through sexual intercourse or when coming into contact with the recently deceased.
The Marbug virus is in the same virus family as the Ebola virus, the Filoviridae family. Incubation time of the virus ranges from two days to 21 days. The symptoms of the Marburg hemorrhagic fever start off with very quickly with a high fever and severe malaise. A hemorrhagic fever is a fever where you can spontaneously bleed from intravenous access points on your body and malaise is the feeling of being sick. You know something is wrong and you can feel it. You will get watery diarrhea with abdominal pain and cramping. The diarrhea will persist for a week. Around the third day you will begin having nausea and start vomiting. A patient who has contracted the Marburg Virus will often appear “ghost-like”. They will have a drawn face with deep-set eyes, an expressionless face an extreme lack of energy. In some cases a non-itchy rash can form anywhere from the second day to the seventh day. Somewhere between days five and seven a patient will start severe bleeding. ...
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... deaths. In 1975 South Africa had three cases and one death. 1980, Kenya had 2 cases and one death. Kenya again had another outbreak in 1987 with only person contracting the Marburg virus who died. From the years 1998 to 2000, the Democratic Republic of Congo had a total of 154 cases, of which 83%, or 128, people died. 2005 the country of Angola had 374 cases of which 329 people died. Uganda had four cases in 2007 with two deaths. 2008 saw two separate cases in Ugana and the Netherland with one cases each, of which the one in the Netherland died.
References
Slenczka, W., & Klenk, H. D. (2007). Forty years of marburg virus. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 196(S2), S131-S135.
The marburg virus. (1996). Library Journal, 121(5), 112.
World Health Organization. Marburg Virus. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/
At the start of the book, Fever 1793, the story takes place at the Cook’s Coffeehouse. The main character, Matilda, is woken up by her mom flipping open the curtains, yelling at her to wake up and get started on her morning chores before the guests arrive. Before the guests arrive, Eliza, a free black, also their cook, starts making food for the guests who will be arriving as soon as the shop opens. Matilda has to take care of the garden that is on the backside of the house, help get ready to open the shop, and also Polly’s chores because Polly, their serving girl, didn’t show up to work. After a while Matilda’s mom went to see where Polly was and found out Polly had died the previous evening because of an unknown illness. Matilda’s mom and Grandfather help out and did whatever else that
The medical field is a vast land of beauty but with great beauty comes immense horror. There are many deadly viruses and diseases found in the medical field. In the novel, The Hot Zone by Richard Preston, the author discusses the many deadly viruses found in the field. The viruses are widespread due to the errors that occur when the viruses are in the presence of human beings. The effects of the errors performed by the human race include a decrease in population and wildlife. The viruses are spread in many different ways in the novel, but all are due to human mistakes.
Zaire, Ebola, Sudan, and now, Reston. These are all level four hot viruses. That means there are no vaccines and there are no cures for these killers. In 1976 Ebola climbed out of its primordial hiding place in the jungles. of Africa, and in two outbreaks in Zaire and Sudan wiped out six hundred people.
The 1878 yellow fever epidemic in Memphis proved to be fatal, killing almost all who got infected. The disease traveled up from New Orleans infecting and killing many on its way. Memphis was going through reconstruction and was becoming the center for merchants and travelers. Furthermore, Memphis began to become overly populated only increasing the devastation that would be caused by the yellow fever. This was a confusing period were even medical professionals did not know where the disease came from or how they could to stop it. The epidemic caused panic and challenged the state government of Tennessee and made changes to it that are still in effect today.
The structure of the Mumps is a single stranded RNA virus. Its genus is the Rubulavirus which is part of the Paramyxoviridae family . The Mumps virus is an acute virus that could become very harmful if not treated. Although it is not very prevalent in the United States anymore when outbreaks happen things can become very serious very quickly. Of course these outbreaks come from natural occurrences of people who have not been vaccinated (which will be discussed later) and have never had the disease. In earlier years the mumps virus mostly occurred in babies and children and also within the military but now if there is an occurrence, it is mostly found in adults.
Than, Ker. ""Zombie Virus" Possible via Rabies-Flu Hybrid?" National Geographic News. National Geographic, 27 Oct. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
is spread to humans by fleas from infected rodents. In the 1300s, fourth of the population
There are two books I will be comparing, Fever 1793 and The Girl Who Owned a City. The main characters are Matty, a girl in 1973, and Lisa, a futuristic character.They are alike in many ways. They are also quite different. They are both about the same age, though Lisa might be a little younger.
The septicemic plague travels through flea bites and spreads into the human body like the bubonic plague. The difference is the disease travels through the bloodstream, attacking the entire body. When this bacteria attacks the body, it causing internal bleeding, coughing up blood, fever, chills, stomach pain, and shock. Death comes within twenty-four ...
Opinioned misconceptions caused a drastic amount of confusion in Philadelphia in 1793. A misconception is a mistaken idea. Philadelphia was full of cleaning crews and transportation in 1793. Some people were willing to trust that people could stop the fever while other chose to flee. They were all scared of becoming sick from the wrongly perceived causes like dead animals, dirty wharfs, refugees, etc. The novel, Fever 1793, written by Laurie Halse Anderson is about the devastation caused during Yellow Fever. The main character, Mattie Cook, is left to fend for herself and others while trying to avoid the supposed causes of the fever. The author of Fever 1793, Laurie Halse Anderson, shows the misconceptions of the time period through causes and treatments of Yellow Fever.
During 2007 in India there was a large outbreak of meningococcal meningitis with 128 infected.
Suffering is apart of life, just like joy and love is. We can never choose how life treats us but we can always choose how we react and get back up again. Through Fever 1793 we see up close and personal how suffering can affect us, and how sometimes it can affect us in positive ways. How suffering can help turn the page to the next chapter in our lives. How suffering doesn’t always mean losing but also gaining.
In 1976 the first two Ebola outbreaks were recorded. In Zaire and western Sudan five hundred and fifty people reported the horrible disease. Of the five hundred and fifty reported three hundred and forty innocent people died. Again in 1995 Ebola reportedly broke out in Zaire, this time infecting over two hundred and killing one hundred and sixty. (Bib4, Musilam, 1)
Ebola started its first outbreak in West Africa. According to the World Health Organization (2014) “Ebola first took place in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan.., in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo... [and the] latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from witch the disease takes its name”. The disease has also started spreading through countries such as Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia (which are West Africa countries).
In order to investigate the efficiency of the molecule and possible side effects, the research team tested the effect of BXC4430 on animal models. Cynomolgus macaques were inoculated with a fatal dose of Marburg virus and were treated with daily doses of BXC4430 from between 1-48 hours post infection. The results indicated that only one monkey treated one hour after being infected died. The rest of the monkeys survived and moreover didn’t show any symptoms of the disease. No signs of systemic toxicity were found.