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Introduction Micro-organisms are microscopic (Microorganisms Definition)and can either be prokaryote or eukaryote. Most micro-organisms are unicellular, only a small percentage is multicellular. Micro-organisms encompass a large variety of organisms such as: bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea etc. (Microorganisms) The first micro-organism was observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek around 1673 (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek). Since then, technological advances have enables us to observe and understand micro-organisms in much more detail, it has also allowed us to exploit them for a number of applications. However, many micro-organisms are pathogenic (i.e. disease causing). In this essay I will describe the many benefits on micro-organisms. Carbon Cycle Organic molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are found in all organisms. The removal and subsequent return of carbon from the biosphere is known as the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle begins with a fundamental process known as carbon fixation. This is carried out by producers, (i.e. plants and other autotrophic organisms), and involves the conversion of CO2 to organic molecules through photosynthesis. Organic molecules pass through the different trophic levels of the food, where they are used to make biomass. At different levels, organic molecules mainly in the form of carbon …show more content…
Pollutants come from either industrial or domestic waste. This is waste is dumped into the environment because it’s cheap and convenient. This dumping of waste has a detrimental affect on the environment and the animals that live there. However, micro-organisms found in the soil and aquatic environments have the ability to degrade these waste materials, under optimal microbial growth conditions. (Nester, Anderson, Roberrs, & Nester,
This essay will focus on how gut bacteria can affect weight and, the mutualistic relationship between gut bacteria and the human in maintaining normal health.
What are microorganisms? They are organisms that you have to view with a microscope. The three that I will be discussing are bacteria, viruses, and prions. Of the three, a bacterium is the only one that can be helpful to us in many situations, and they are also the most diverse organism on the earth. The structure, reproduction, and the diseases bacteria, viruses, and prion cause are all different. Let’s begin to compare these microorganisms.
Slack, John M. and I. S. Snyder. Bacteria and Human Disease. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., 1978.
Microorganisms play an important role in our life: helps us to process our nourishment, break down squanders and take an interest in different life cycles. They are various and have adjusted to occupy distinctive situations including outrageous conditions, for example, hot vents under the sea to ice tops. In “Bugged” by Rinku Patel aims that we know little about microbes, however there is a big part of unknown and we should learn more about these microbes that could benefit our health wise. Therefore, the author tries to emphasize on the effect of microbes in our life while engaging the reader to see things through the advantages of microbes, the disadvantages and defining useful bacteria.
The human gut contains a huge diversity of bacteria and the microbiota, which is crucially important for maintaining human health. According to Greiner et al, the gut microbiome plays an important role as a regulator to modulate human’s metabolism when there is a change in the environment. It is because that the gut microbiome is composed of many different bacterial species, and thus it is a multicellular organ with a metabolic function (2011). Despite the huge diversity of the gut microbiome, there are only three groups of bacteria are dominated in human gut microbiome, which include Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria (Greiner et al 2011).
Bacteria are living organisms, and as such they have the ability to evolve by mutation and natural selection. This is the process by which random genetic mutations create individuals better suited to their environment, which then live to reproduce. The progeny of this individual will then have this mutation, and so a species evolves. One of the largest problems facing the medical profession today is that harmful, that ...
These germs, or organisms, are often living in or on our bodies. Most of the time they are harmless, and sometimes they are helpful.2 These organisms are often called microorganisms because they are so small they can only be seen through a microscope. There are millions of microorganisms living in your body that help with body functions. The problem is when a microorganism that can cause disease enters your body and starts to multiply. These unwanted microorganisms are called pathogens. Pathogens can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans and insects or animals.3
Microorganism is a living thing that cannot be seen by naked eye and is so small in size. Microorganism usually can be seen through microscope because microscope have the ability to see small thing using various magnification. The examples of microorganism are bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae and virus. Among all of the microorganisms, bacteria have the greatest advantages in preserving food and beverages. Bacteria are generally harmless but can produce enzymes that can alter the structure the food. In extreme cases, bacteria can secrete toxic substances that can cause the food to spoil.
You’ve heard your mom talking about “bacteria” and how it’s “so bad”. But little did they know that a single bacteria cell(one E. coli cell) only has a mass of 0.00000000000000095 or 9.510-16 kilograms? That’s so small, right? An E. coli cell is a prokaryotic cell that lives inside animals and humans that dominates the bacteria world. It’s so common, but yet so tiny!
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
Dietary Fiber fermentability also varies due to a high diversity in both physical structure and the chemicals bound between monomers found in the digestive tract (Bindelle et al., 2007). Dietary Fiber that escapes digestion in the upper part of the gastro-intestinal tract, is potentially available for bacterial fermentation in the large intestine. The anaerobic bacteria concentration in the pig gastro-intestinal tract passes thus into the stomach and the small intestine to the large intestine. The intestinal bacteria hydrolyse the polysaccharides composing the Dietary Fiber and metabolise their constituent sugars through a series of anaerobic energy-yielding reactions leading to the production of ATP which is essential for bacteria basal and growth metabolism (Bindelle and Buldgen,
Microbes are everywhere in the biosphere, and their presence invariably affects the environment in which they grow. The effects
Microbiology is the biological study of organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye (1). Microbiology includes examining a variety of different microbes such as bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses (1). By examining these microbes, their relationship with people and the environment they grow in, is better understood. These examinations of microbes have played a major role in comprehending how microbes can be helpful and harmful, and how they should best be dealt with. With new and emerging discoveries in microbiology, medical treatments have expanded.
Composting is the process of biodegrading the waste material in which an enormous number of materials like hydrocarbons, nitrogenous compounds, acids, their derivatives and even other organic and inorganic substances can be remediated from the environment (Finstein et al., 1986). Compost pro...
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microbiology utilizes microscopes and microscopy to observe the microorganisms.