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Organizational citizenship behavior
The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance
The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance
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4. Managing Human Resources to Improve Job Satisfaction
Job satisfaction is the level of contentment a person feels regarding his or her job. This feeling is mainly based on an individual 's perception of satisfaction. Job satisfaction can be influenced by a person 's ability to complete required tasks, the level of communication in an organization, and the way management treats employees. (“Defining Job Satisfaction”). According to Boundless.com, “Job satisfaction falls into two levels: affective job satisfaction and cognitive job satisfaction. Affective job satisfaction is a person 's emotional feeling about the job as a whole. Cognitive job satisfaction is how satisfied employees feel concerning some aspect of their job, such as pay, hours,
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Glass explained that employees join unions, not just because of the pay, but because they are dissatisfied with their job being because of bad working conditions or unfair work rules. Glass concluded that, “while increasing a worker’s wage may reduce job dissatisfaction, it will never increase job satisfaction.” Increasing the employee’s wage can make them happier but it won’t necessarily make them be more effective and efficient (Glass). Employers shouldn’t concentrate as pay as the only way to increase their employee’s job satisfaction, but they should worry about providing their workers’ other benefits so that employee are wanting to return to work and in turn produces better products and/or provide better services. To better improve job satisfaction is to provide better working conditions such as protective gear to prevent burns and to follow some safety rules. This may be good in the sense that the employees will be informed and know where to find a first aid kit and what to in case of an …show more content…
According to Business NLP Academy it can be connected to “work productivity, employee effectiveness, and other factors which can impact a business in the short or long term”; this explains how organizational citizenship behavior can have either a positive or negative outcome success of businesses (“5 Common Types of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”). Dennis Organ stated that there are five factors to consider in determining organizational citizenship behavior, kindness, courtesy, honesty, faithfulness, and civic virtue (“5 Common Types of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”). Civic virtue is “defined as behavior which exhibits how well a person represents an organization with which they are associated, and how well that person supports their organization outside of an official capacity” (“5 Common Types Of Organizational Citizenship
As companies look to expand operations and hire new employees, many economic and environmental factors are taken into consideration. The cost of labor is one of the primary concerns as labor generally constitutes a large part of company budgets. The organization of labor by unions further increases this concern. The wages of unionized workers are significantly higher than the wages of nonunion workers in almost every industry (Fossum, 2012). Higher wages generally result in reduced company profits, lower share prices, and reduced shareholder returns (Fossum, 2012). Unionization also reduces the employer’s flexibility with regards to hiring, transferring, or promoting employees (Fossum, 2012). Productivity may be negatively impacted by unionization because merit is often eliminated as a criterion for wage increases or promotions (Fossum, 2012). As a result of these negative impacts, employers are motivated to oppose unionization.
Lack of good alternative jobs explains why wages at the factory remain low, which also raises profits.... ... middle of paper ... ... Unions give workers some freedom from the hierarchy, but today finding a job is not so much about making labor contracts with your equals as it is about saving yourself from unemployment and competing with equally qualified laborers for the same job, often for a company within which you neither have a vested interest nor a share in its profits. Only approximately 12% of the workers in the United States are unionized, yet a substantial number of unions could revolutionize worker influence in capitalism (215).
According to the textbook, labor union are “group of individuals working together to achieve shared job-related goals” (P.331) . Mainly these shared job-related goals could be need for salary/wages increase,
In today’s world of employment, one can choose to work in a unionized or a non unionized workplace; both situations have positive and negative attributes. In a unionized situation, members experience benefits such as union representation, and aversions such as layoffs and strikes. In a non-union situation, workers experience benefits such as better treatment by management, and aversions such as decreased benefits and overall decreased wages. Although over the last few decades union membership and growth have decreased, organized labor is becoming popular.
Based off of the gratification an individual contains towards their work, job satisfaction is a key. The productivity could either be positive or negative, while the relationship between the productivity and satisfaction may not be consistent. There are multiple internal and external factors in job satisfaction that can impact the behavior of an employee and engagement over time. The way the worker’s attitude concerning their field affects the performance they perform on a daily basis. One who is satisfied with the job they do, succeeds at what they do.
Other changes that workers would embrace are pay increases and the addition of family-friendly work policies such as more free time, and on-site daycare. Since a number of large manufacturing and service firms are unionized, a motivation and goal for work reform, in this respect, would be for a company to integrate the union into its capital investment decisions to avoid the exploitation of workers at the expense of technology (Krahn, Lowe, Hughes, 2011 p. 266-267).... ... middle of paper ... ...
From the employees perspective there are many benefits as well as cons which are encompassed in the act of joining a union and maintaining such a relationship. The first of the benefits includes a somewhat increased amount of job security. In the case of a slip up, or an instance in which you may be dismissed or receive discipline, the union you are a party to will have the last say in whether this action is fair to you. This may protect you from unreasonable managers or some types of discrimination (Saez). However many types of discrimination is also covered by anti-discrimination statutes. One of the most commonly given reasons for being part of a union is the appeal of having a common bond between employees (Reader). Unions also promote a healthy, safe and friendly work environment. However this benefit is minor and redundant as much of OSHA covers this as well. Additionally, unions will bargain a contract for its members, which will generally be based upon the way that the union perceives the needs of its members (Saez). The problem with this is that it is extremely difficult for the union’s perception an employee’s individual needs to be accurate due to the union’s tendency to only. Among the items negotiated, wage is one of the most important. However minimal wage incre...
Organization citizenship behavior has been emerging as an interesting topic for any organization these days. Katz and Kahn (1996) were the first people to identify this kind of autonomous behavior in workplace. The term Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB’s) was first coined by Dennis Organ and his colleagues (Cf. Bateman & Organ, 1983; Smith Organ, & Near, 1983). Organ (1988: 4) defined Organizational citizenship behaviors as “individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization. By discretionary, we mean that the behavior is not an enforceable requirement of the role or the job description, that is, the clearly specifiable terms of the person’s employment contract with the organization; the behavior is rather a matter of personal choice, such that its omission is not generally understood as punishable.” Organizational citizenship behavior occurs when the individuals in organization implicitly go beyond the formal boundary of work required to do by him/her. Organization citizenship behavior can also be said to be the choice of individual to work beyond any limitation or expectations of their employers for the overall betterment of the organization. This is completely voluntary action and the employee’s work beyond the expectation of their organization. Organization citizenship behavior is gaining much attention in today’s organizations as it has several positive implications on the organizations. Organization citizenship behavior makes the employee more committed to the organization willingly and helps in promoting overall health of the organization. The employee...
It is well established reality that organisations in the world today can no longer survive without focusing on their employees. If they have to be at the competitive edge they have to invest in human resource, and placing their employees on top priority. This notion has lead to the strategies that, most organisations are pursuing through employee management. To achieve the optimum performance from employees organisations must motivate their employees, and have to engage them in activities that will benefit and help employees in achieving their predetermined goals and objectives. In order to achieve this, it is imperative for managers to set in motion work conditions that will help employees to achieve satisfaction of their job, low turnover and absenteeism rate and promoting the environment that promotes the organizational commitments and organizational citizenship behavior. Job satisfaction has been identified as a major requirement for organisations which aim to achieve excellence in their operations. Armstrong (2003) refers to job satisfaction as the attributes and feelings people have about their work. By extension, job satisfaction will mean positive or favourable attitudes towards one’s job whilst a negative or unfavourable attitude indicates job dissatisfaction.
In many organisations, managers and bosses have found it a struggle implementing successful strategies to improve job satisfaction and productivity among its employees. While dealing with unproductive, unmotivated and unsatisfied employees, there is an increased risk for turnover, which can be prevented. The risk of high turnover is a problem to workplaces as turnover has been proven to ‘take its toll’ on productivity as it disrupts current projects and increases workloads for other employees. It also has a negative impact on team cohesion (Patrick and Sonia, 2012). Job satisfaction is one’s general attitude to the job, and higher the job satisfaction, the more likely he/she will hold a positive attitude towards their job (De Menzes, 2011). De Menzes (2011) believes that employees who are satisfied with their jobs are likely to be more committed to their organisation and be more productive. People are significantly more productive when they are content and achieving individual and organisational goals are able to be fulfilled in a work environment where employees feel happy and motivated. Interventions which can be used to improve job satisfaction and productivity to decrease rates of turnover and unmotivated employees include an increase in workplace training, as well as performance pay.
As previously mentioned, labor unions have emerged as organizations that help improve work conditions for employees who work in organizations that do not establish appropriate policies and practices regarding labor relations. As a result, it has been argued that an organization that deserves a union gets one, which implies that workers will not want to unionize if appropriate leadership and motivation tools are utilized as well as
The problem of job dissatisfaction is a global workplace issue. Although Americans are happier in their jobs, satisfaction in the United States is declining due to downsizing and overburdening. (Robbins & Judge, 2009). Before outlining job dissatisfaction a definition of job satisfaction is needed. Job satisfaction is “[an] individuals’
Employee satisfaction is undoubtedly the best predictor of employee retention. A job environment consisting of good working relationships usually fosters employee satisfaction. Employees feel motivated as they believe that the company is appreciating their service and commitment. Job satisfaction results in employee retention. Employee retention could be defined as the length of time employees stay with the organization.
A business issue that has come across in the work place is the topic of job dissatisfaction. According to the Robbins and Judge textbook, job satisfaction can be described as a positive following feeling about your current place of employment. In the bible job satisfaction is shown in Ecclesiastes 5:18-20 Behold, what I have seen to be good and fitting is to eat and drink and find enjoyment in all the toil with which one toils under the sun the few days of his life that God has given him, for this is his lot. Everyone also to whom God
... will even agree to take lower wages if other personal needs are met, such as other benefits that include health insurance; life and disability insurance; pension; paid holidays; and sick time as medical benefits, hours, work conditions, and workload expectations (Dorining, 2015). Ultimately, workers want a positive unity between work and their personal affairs, and wages allow them to successfully meet those goals. When productivity is threatened, employee’s wages can be endangered from the employer trying to address their operational and financial issues as they are relating to wages, wage-related issues, employee benefits, and institutional and administrative clauses (Sloane & Witney, 2010). So, the ultimate goal during the collective bargaining process is to ensure both the labor union and employer negotiation their expectations of wages in their final agreement.