Challenges faced by many countries in their struggle for economic and social developments are related to water (TAC, GWP 2000: 6) 2. India, too, is a varied country in terms of water availability and Maharashtra is a peculiar State of it.
Maharashtra has uneven distribution of water resources. A large area is, therefore, water deficit whereas a small part is bestowed with abundance of water. Maharashtra’s physiography has constraints over the creation of surface water (SW) potential for irrigation purpose. At present, the area under irrigation is 17.5 per cent out of total cultivable area 3. One study estimates that even after exploiting all feasible sites, maximum irrigation potential created may reach up to 34 percent. This suggests that groundwater is a dependable source in the State and offers a vast scope for its development and use for domestic, irrigation and drinking purposes.
Groundwater (GW), in its simple definition, is the water beneath earth's surface often between saturated soil and rock that supplies wells and springs. However, GW is a complex dynamic system and needs specialised efforts for its development and management. The physiography coupled with hard rock geology 4 of the State necessitated emergence of separate expertise organisation.
3.1 Emergence of GSDA
Besides peculiar geology and physiography, State faces constant threat of drought conditions. It has almost 1/3 area under chronic drought with a scanty annual rainfall of 500 mm and below. The situation gets aggravated with the presence of rugged topography and hard rock geology. In this scenario, when drinking water is a sector of high priority, only 15 per cent drinking water supply schemes are SW based. Therefore, drinking water scarcity remains...
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...ocal politicians wanted more powers and knowledge about GSDA Schemes that is to be taken in positive way”.
5 Aquifer is an underground bed or layer of permeable rock, sediment, or soil that yields water.
Certain targets were set for drilling BWs to mitigate the drinking water needs and officials in GSDA hierarchy monitored and supervised these works. Apparently,
people realised that the State will always take some necessary action to obviate emergencies on drinking water supply (Phansalkar, S. and Kher, V. 2006:79).
TAC, GWP (2000: 9) reports that water management is usually left to top-down institutions, the legitimacy and effectiveness of which lies questionable. The approach adopted by GSDA in this early phase was blue print oriented (merely as Service Provider). A typical structure of organisation during first phase is attempted in following figure 1.
...lk about projects such as these two,we must bear in mind that there are relatively great chances for the government to atleast have awareness of the underlying practices and situation. If we use the alternatives, it will incur cost but it will let go of the sacrifices and compromises poverty stricken nations have to pay. On the stakeholders i.e. the general masses it will be beneficial as they will be paid for their work in legal framework and will be provided water products in the market (Me, 2014).
First off, as a corporation handling a towns water systems, it is the duty of the individuals within the company to take care of the water in a responsible
Although water is all around, very little is drinkable. Six billion people live on earth and 1.1 billion in 31 countries are unable to access safe, clean drinking water. California has only 20 years of water supply left. Ironically, even the wettest place on earth, Cherrapunji, India, has often water shortages. After years of millions of people dying of thirst and disease, a corporate movement to find a solution to the water crisis has now swept the world. Water, a fleeting resource vital to every life, every single day of the year, is now being taken out of the governments control and becoming a commodity bought and sold by big business, a.k.a privatization.
Water shortage in arid and semi-arid regions and declining its availability to a crisis ...
Water has become a very controversial issue in the United States and around the world. As populations increase and resources decrease, the way we use our resources and keep populations safe become more and more important. Throughout the world there are nearly 1.1 billion people who do not have access the clean drinking water. 5 Most of these 1.1 billion people are located in poor areas and do not have the financial means to build the infrastructures needed to provide water to the citizens of their country. 5 Drinking water is an essential part of our everyday life. People must have water to survive, but it must be clean and safe to consume.
The lack of water has caused an increased demand in the drilling of wells, which create even more problems with water shortage. “‘ If you own your own property, you can dig a well and you can pump as much groundwater as as you a want…” (Source 3). This shows the problem of over usage of what little water there is. The wells dug at the edge of properties drain and steal water from the surrounding estates. By doing this, you do not know the amount being drained from the aquifer. “‘Groundwater is like a bank account. You can’t take out more than you put in on an ongoing basis,’” (Source 3). The unwatched drainage of water by farmers can empty out an entire aquifer if it is not filled back
Between groundwater and surface water there are many different laws and rules that landowners and right owners have to abide by. Water found below the earth’s surface in the crevices of soil and rocks is called groundwater. Texas groundwater law was made by a judge. The law was derived from the English common law rule of “absolute ownership.” Groundwater belongs to the owners of the land above it and may be used or sold as their own private property. Texas adopted the common law rule that a landowner has the right to use or sale all the water that he can capture from below his land. A nickname for the Texas water law is the “law of the biggest pump.” Texas courts have consistently ruled that a landowner has a right to pump all the water that he can from beneath his land regardless of the water level in his neighbor’s wells. Landowner own all the underground water until it is shown that the source of supply is a subterranean river. Both stream underflow and subterranean rivers have been expressly excluded from the definition of underground water in Section 52.001 of the Texas Water Code. The funny thing about the Texas groundwater law is that one landowner can dry up an adjoining landowner’s well and the landowner with the dry well is without a legal remedy. Texas courts have refused to adopt the American rule of “reasonable use” with respect to groundwater. But there are five situations in which Texas landowner can take legal action for interference with his groundwater rights. First, if an adjoining neighbor trespasses on the land to remove water either by drilling a well directly on the landowner’s property or by drilling a “slant” well on adjoining property so that it crosses the subterranean property line, the injured landowner can sue for trespass. Second, there is a malicious or wanton conduct in pumping water for the sole purpose of injuring an adjoining
The human race needs three things to survive; air to breathe, food to eat, and water to drink. A large majority of the public thinks these resources are infinite and plentiful. What they fail to realize is that they are not infinite, air can become polluted, food can carry pesticides, and water can transmit diseases very easily. In order to keep these necessities safe, many companies are taking the initiative by trying to cut down on pollution and stop using harmful pesticides. Water, however is not getting enough attention, especially in urban areas. Framework exists for these urban areas to be able to have successful water management, but some countries cannot afford these ideas or simply do not want
Groundwater remained the main supply until 1971 which was when Las Vegas became more dependent on Colorado River water due to the “Southern Nevada Water System” (Brown, n.d.; Larsen et al., 2015). Since then up to 90,000 acre-feet of groundwater has been pumped on a yearly basis, this value surpasses the natural groundwater recharge (Laczniak et al., n.d.). Rain as well as snow serves as the primary sources of groundwater recharge for the aquifers while precipitation plays a minor role (Laczniak et al., n.d.). Due to there not being balanced discharge and recharge this has led to subsidence and as a result of this subsidence the storage capacity of aquifers has decreased due to compaction (Laczniak et al., n.d.). It is estimated that 187,000 acre feet of storage capacity in the aquifers has been lost due to compaction (Laczniak et
Water Issues in South Asia If there is any single most important issue that mars bilateral relations among the countries of the subcontinent, it is water. The issues of cross-border water distribution, utilisation, management and mega irrigation/hydro-electric power projects affecting the upper and lower riparian countries are gradually taking centre-stage in defining interstate relations as water scarcity increases and both drought and floods make life too often miserable. Thanks to its location, size and contiguous borders with other South Asian countries, it is India, in its capacity as both upper and lower riparian, that has come into conflict with most of its neighbours, except Bhutan, on the cross-border water issues. Given an atmosphere of mistrust, an upper riparian India has serious issues to resolve with lower riparian Pakistan and Bangladesh and, despite being lower riparian, with the upper riparian Nepal.
Hydrogeology - Installation of groundwater monitoring wells, groundwater sampling and geochemical analysis, interpretations of groundwater flow patterns, pumping test techniques and interpretations, computer modeling of flow systems.
Ensure conservation and protection and sustainable management of Water Resources, Grant impartiality in water distribution and use and value traditional water rights if based on impartiality and public integrity. Ensure licensing of water for commercial uses; sustain international
Clean and safe drinking water resources are becoming scarce as the population grows. The world is facing many problems, but the most important thing needed to survive, is water. Water is getting low in many countries, therefore residents are suffering the misfortune of not having the reliable source of clean water. Today many countries are having water shortages meaning rivers, lakes, streams and groundwater are not enough to rely on for supplying water demands. For example, California is facing a drastic water shortage, the natural water resources are not enough to fulfill their water demands.
One main causes of water scarcity is water mismanagement worldwide. Water mismanagement has become a crisis of governance that will impact heavily ...
Water is an integral part of not only human beings but all other creatures in the world. We use it every day for different purposes such as domestic, agricultural and industrial. Water has always been a prestigious resource. However, the majority of people do not appraise water’s worth since they do not face water scarcity; whereas, in third world countries it is one of the most serious problems. Nearly 2.4 billion people have a lack of water resources in the world, shows the investigation done by the Pacific Institute, an Oakland, California-based non-profit scientific research group. Moreover, every year this number is growing gradually and more people are suffering (Bloomberg News, 2010). There are certain causes which deteriorate current situation. The most influential reasons are global warming, pollution by human-beings and overpopulation. It is known that India is one of the countries which face water scarcity so this essay will consider the possible ways of solutions of water shortage in India.