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Smoking causes lung cancer report
Lung cancer brief description
Causes of lung cancer outline
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A. LUNG CANCER:
Definition:
According to the National Cancer Institute (2009), lung cancer refers to the uncontrolled and abnormal proliferation of lung tissue, usually in the cells lining air passages1. It occurs when there is an excessive growth of the cells found in the lungs leading to a variety of clinical symptoms.
Classification:
The International Classification of Disease, ICD-10 classifies lung cancer under C34 as malignant neoplasm of the bronchus and lung2. When reporting routine statistics, tumours of the lung and bronchus are grouped together with those of the trachea C333.
Pathology and Clinical Features:
Lung cancer occurs mostly in adults between 45 and 75 years of age and about 80 – 90 percent of all cases have tobacco smoking as the major aetiological factor4-6. The likelihood of developing lung cancer is higher in those who commence smoking at a young age, and also in heavy smokers compared to light smokers5. Other risk factors include exposure to radon gas, asbestos, uranium and pitchblende miners, chromium and nickel refiners, welders, and workers exposed to halogenated ethers 5.
There are basically two types of lung cancer, the small cell tumour and non-small cell tumour which can be differentiated microscopically. Major clinical features of lung cancer include cough (80%), haemoptysis (70%), dyspnoea (60%) and chest pain (40%). Others include recurrent or slowly resolving pneumonia, weight loss, anaemia, anorexia and enlarged lymph nodes 7.
Epidemiology:
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in the UK (excluding non-melanoma-skin cancers) and it is more common in men than women (Figure 1.0). Lung cancer accounted for about 39,000(Figure 1.3) of all UK cancer cases diagnosed in...
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...arch/articlesBySubject/displaystory.cfm?subjectid=349008&story_id=E1_TPSGGQRP. Accessed 11/28/2009.
22. Why People Smoke Available at: http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit3/1why_people_smoke.html. Accessed 11/29/2009.
23. Walker MS, Vidrine DJ, Gritz ER, Larsen RJ, Yan Y, Govindan R, et al. Smoking relapse during the first year after treatment for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; Dec; 15(12):2370-7.
24. Britain gives up smoking - Times Online Available at: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article730913.ece. Accessed 11/28/2009.
25. Get Help Quitting Smoking – NHS Stop Smoking Campaign – Stopping Smoking Available at: http://www.canstopsmoking.com/. Accessed 11/29/2009,
26. Smoking and Lung Cancer Associations Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/576699. Accessed 11/28/2009
However, other forms of treatment may also depend much on the type of lung cancer that is being treated and it's staging. Be it the more rapid growing Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) that makes up for between 10% - 15% of all diagnosed cases, or the more common and slower growing Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
According to “Medical News Today” cancer is a disease that is caused by an over growth of anomalous cells on one or more lungs. Cells often go up the air pipes which can cause difficulty to breath. Due to the over production of cells the tissue cells often begin to over produce; which results in tumors. There are two types of tumors: malignant and benign. Malignant tumors are the more dangerous of the two due to its invasive nature; which makes it cancerous. While benign is not invasive in other words non-cancerous. This is why cancer spreads to multiple areas and can be sometimes very difficult to fight. Cancer cells are abnormal not only because of their evasive nature, but also because of its irregular life cycle. Rather than expire like a regular cell, they continuously grow and duplicate which causes the disease to spread. This makes cell abnormal in shape and other qualities; known as a sickle cell. Due to the large growth and reproduction rate of the cells this makes the spreading of the cancer more rapid. Each cancer has specific symptom, for lung cancer the sympto...
Diagnosed with lung cancer, now what!? Time to do some research. Lung cancer is the number one cause of deaths in males and females. The causes, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer have advanced recently with new technology available to scientists and the medical profession. Lung cancer develops when the cells grow abnormally and tumors form instead of healthy lung tissue. It can take place in one or both lungs, normally the cells that line the air passages. Not all tumors are cancerous, the ones that do not spread are benign tumors. The more tumors that develop in the lungs will cause the lungs to work less efficiently. The metastatic tumors spread to other parts of the body passing through the blood stream or lymphatic system.
Bryant, J., B. Bonevski, C. Paul, et al. 2011. A systematic review and meta-anaysis of the effectiveness of behavioural smoking cessation interventions in selected disadvantaged groups. Addiction 106: 1568–1585.
The working of the lungs is vital to the human physical structure. They provide the body with oxygen to keep the cells happy and help to maintain homeostasis. There are many carcinogens that cause cancer leading to the lungs not to doing their job. Sometimes the cancer spreads and causes metastases. The patient’s medical diagnosis is malignant neoplasm of the bronchus and lung brain metastases.
When smokers quit-what are the benefits over time. (2014, Februrary 6). American Cancer Society. Retrieved from www.cancer.org
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer within the United States with tobacco smoking being the biggest risk factor. In 2012, more than 220,000 people were diagnosed with lung cancer and approximately 150,000 died from the disease. “Lung cancer rates in the United States climbed dramatically throughout much of the 20th century, as smoking became more popular, and peaked in the 1980’s before declining in the 1990’s” (Furlow, 2014, p. 298). Screening of high risk people for lung cancer has been extending patients’ lives with early detection with the use of computed tomography (CT).
Cancer of the lung was nearly nonexistent in the early 1900’s. By the middle of the 20th century an epidemic became apparent throughout the United States and the rest of the world. It is primarily correlated with the widespread abundance of cigarette smoking in the world. The tobacco industry has multiplied its production immediately prior to World War I. There was a typical 20 to 30 year lagging period between the initiation of cigarette smoking and the actual tumor formation in the lungs. Lung cancer is the cancer that originates in the tissues of the lungs. It occurs when cells in the lung start to grow rapidly in an uncontrolled manner. Lung cancer can start anywhere in the lungs and affect any part of the respiratory system. Most of all lung cancer cases start in the lining of the bronchi (health-cares.net, 2005). It is the leading cause of all cancer deaths in the world. During this time the tobacco companies would continue to say that cigarette smoking was not addictive and did not cause any type of cancer. Even with all evidence in the world today about tobacco causing cancer, Tobacco companies still remain the most profitable business in the world. Lung cancer is very common in both women and men. Women account for about 40 percent of the lung cancer cases in the world. Women who smoke are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer as those of men who smoke (Tavor, 2005).
...ife. Furthermore smoker’s needs to be encouraged to quit thus it may take many attempts before victims can quit completely. However, good communication with smokers needs careful discussion to reduce the risk of earlier failure problems facing quitting. If nurses can make it their duty by reaching out to each of their patients about quitting smoking, then this would go a long wait in reaching a lot of people even if they don’t want to. There is already smoke free policy in the UK which is working and hopefully will still help in the reduction of smoking con gumption. It is important the government do more of anti-smoking campaigns to reach out to the manual and routine group and make follow up in regards to quitting completely. Furthermore, they need to increase tax rates on tobacco and put an end to shops that still advertising cigarette smoking in their shops
Cancer is a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Over ten million new cases of cancer, with over six million deaths were estimated in the year 2000 (Parkin, 2001). The estimated numbers of incidence and mortality in 2002 were markedly increased as 10.9 million new cases, 6.7 million deaths with cancer (Parkin et al., 2005). Even developed countries suffering from cancer, in USA it was expected 2677860 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2009. In that same year , more than 562,340 deaths will occur due to cancer, this number represent 25 % of all deaths and makes cancer as a second leading cause of death after heart diseases (Jemal et al.
Over a hundred years ago lung cancer was considered a very rare disease. Lung cancer is a disease that is known worldwide. Lung cancer is one of the four most common cancer. Lung cancer is detrimental to the Respiratory System and can cause permanent damage. Lung cancer is a tumor that grows in your lungs and it can also spread to other parts of your body. Early stages of lung cancer are hard to detect because it could take about a year for the tumor to grow to the point when you start experiencing symptoms. The most common cause of lung cancer is smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products. There are other causes like secondhand smoke, asbestos, and lung cancer is common in your family.Lung cancer has different risk factors, symptoms,
Husain, A., (2010), The Lung, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, pp. 677-737, Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier
Nicotine is the chemical in tobacco that most impacts the brain and provides near instantaneous feelings of pleasure associated with smoking. People who smoke usually have ruff skin or other things that are wrong with them. Tar will also stain smoker’s fingers, their teeth, and collects in their lungs (Eshrick 32). Lung cancer is the most common cancers that most people have. Studies have proven that one out of every four people die from lung cancer, and ninety percent of cancer is caused by tobacco use (Eshrick 62). Bladder cancer may occur when smokers inhale some of the carcinogens in tobacco smoke are absorbed from the lungs and get into the blood, then filtered by the kidneys and concentrated into the urine. If the victim smokes more than twenty cigarettes a day it can double the risk of the most common type of kidney cancer (Eshrick 55). The last cancer is cervical cancer, the chemicals damage the cervix. There are cells in the lining of the cervix called Langerhans cells that specifically help fight against diseases. These cells do not work well in smokers (Eshrick
Approximately one in two lifetime smokers will die from their habit. Half of these deaths will occur in middle age. The most common of the diseases caused by smoking is cancer, of course. Not only is it a cause of lung cancer, but cancer of the larynx, and the esophagus, and it contributes to the development of cancers of the bladder, pancreas, and kidney. Lung cancer comes from the tar in the cigarettes.
Scientists and health officials have been arguing the detrimental effects smoking has on our health for many years. Smoking can lead to serious complications including asthma, pancreas, lung and stomach cancer due to the large number of carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals) and other various substances added to it. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. Although smokers claim that it helps them to relax and release stress, the negative aspects of the habit take over the positive. As it has been stressed by the scientists and experts, there are some very severe reasons of smoking but its crucial consequences should also be taken into consideration.