1. Load Curve Load Curve is a graphical representation between load in kW or MW in proper time sequence and time in hours. It shows the variation of load on the power station. When it is plotted for 24 hours, it is called daily load curve. When the time considered is one year, then it is called annual load curve. 2. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction It states that the induced e.m.f. (electromotive force) in a closed loop equals the negative of the time rate of change of magnetic flux through loop. This means that induced e.m.f. is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through a coil. In other words it is the production of voltage across a conductor moving through a magnetic field. 3. Rankine Cycle It is fully condensed …show more content…
Pricing issues before SERC: a) Transmission charges b) Transmission losses: It includes cost of electricity on account of transmission. c) Wheeling charges: It is same as transmission charges. d) Distribution losses: It includes technical and non-technical losses. e) Surcharge for cross subsidy: It is used to meet the current level of cross subsidy. f) Additional Surcharge: It includes licensee’s obligation such as Fixed cost for long term supply agreement and investment in network. g) SLDC surcharge: It is for using the services from SLDC. h) Service charge: iii. Operational issues: It includes grid management liked introduction of ABT, UI charges and to prevent small players of deviations from getting away from the responsibility of paying fixed charges. iv. Issues in eligibility and phasing: Such as connection of voltage, consumption level, transaction costs. v. Contractual issues: Such as Transmission agreement, Grid agreement, Wheeling agreement, Trading agreement. vi. Issues in process of approval for open access: Nodal Agency. Open Access is defined under Section 1(47) of the EA, 2003. Open access includes the provisions Section 9(2), 38(2), 39 (2), 40, Section 42 sub-section (2), (3) and (4). Implication of the provisions of EA, …show more content…
The Agreement also set out what the participants in the negotiations believed the aims of the system to be. These included the delivery of a fair and impartial system of justice, which is responsive to the community 's concerns, encourages community involvement where appropriate, and has the confidence of all parts of the community. 2. What kind of entities envisaged in the power-sector by ESA (Electricity Supply Act)? The ESA (Electricity Supply Act) envisaged three kinds of entities in the power-sector: i. State Electricity Boards (SEBs)- SEBs is allowed to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity within a state; they enjoy all the powers of a licensee. They account for 65 per cent of the power generated in the country. ii. Generating companies- SEBs is allowed to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity within a state; they enjoy all the powers of a licensee. They account for 65 per cent of the power generated in the country. iii. Licensees- Existing licensees are private-sector utilities licensed by a State Government for power generation, distribution, or both within a specified
...-based, charge-based, and contractual payment systems. (p. 7). CRC Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=sCzhN9HruM0C&dq=fee schedule based payment&source=gbs_navlinks_s
There can be multiple performance obligations in one contract and both parties should be clear on all obligations. The third step is to determine the transaction price found in FASB ASC 606-10-32-2 through 32-27. The determined price should take into consideration the amount the entity expects to receive in return for the goods and services. Entities should consider multiple factors including variable consideration, constraining elements of variable consideration, the existence of a significant financing component, noncash considerations, and consideration payable to the customer. The fourth step is to allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations found is FASB ASC 606-10-32-28 through 32-41. The revenue recognition standard requires entities to allocate transaction price to each performance obligation that also reflects the amount they expect to receive in return for the goods and services. The transaction price for separate performance transactions is allocated by first determining the stand alone price at inception of
Hallington Utilities Services (HUS) is an electrical utility services company from Hallington, Ontario, which has been in operation since 1979. During the mid-1990s, the Ontario government began implementing policies relating to market deregulation in the power distribution industry, which caused the electricity rates in Ontario to skyrocket becoming the third most expensive in Canada. However, the government passed Bill 35 which aim to improve prices and quality of the utilities in the region. At at national level the Energy Competition Act in 1998 determined, “to create jobs and protect consumers by promoting low-cost energy through competition, to protect the environment, to provide for pensions and to make related amendments to certain Acts.” (Legislative Assembly of Ontario, n.d.). This new act pushed the Ontario Energy Board’s (OEB) to modify their responsibilities “to promote economic efficiency and cost effectiveness in the generation, transmission, distribution, sale and demand management of electricity and to facilitate the maintenance of a financially viable electricity industry” (Ontario Energy Board Act, 1998).
Cost-plus pricing, it the industry pricing standard, and is a method to determine a price of the product by finding the cost per unit and then including a mark-up
They have over 11,555 worldwide rental car locations and are at the point where they can cover their short-term liabilities with cash flow from their operations. Hertz’s adjusted earnings per share increased 77.1% meaning that their market value has increased. Their revenues increased by 34%, while they had a cumulative cost savings of $3 billion (Hertz Annual Report, 2013). This demonstrates that Hertz has the financial resources and the access to markets that they need. Hertz has successfully integrated their ExpressRent kiosks in more than 48 markets and their eReturn option for Hertz Gold loyalty program members, in which they have the ability to choose the Hertz ‘Fuel Purchase Value Option’ that lets them automatically buy a full tank at the start of the rental, so they can turn in the car with the gas at any level and not have to worry about filling up on the way to the
Principled negotiation allows disputants to obtain what they are entitled to, while enabling them to be fair, at the same time protecting against those who would take advantage of their fairness . Although the points made are logical and indeed a great approach to certain types of conflict, I found that in some cases the method did not completely come together. More than anything, I found the method altogether was simplistic and for an ideal situation. While going through the four elements, I shall illustrate these points.
The electric utility industry was chaotic in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. There were people competing to generate and distribute electricity within their own cities, causing a huge excess of wires running through the streets. The competition developed to become quite intense, where people would attempt to cut prices to undersell neighboring utilities, and neighbors would reciprocate price cuts until nobody was making a good profit. Policy makers began to think the industry was a natural monopoly, in which it would be most economically efficient to have one or few entities run the electric industry. At the time, I think it was justified to implement state regulation of electric utilities because of the high overlap in infrastructure, the ruinous competition between firms, and it moved us closer to an economically optimal solution.
United States. Energy Information Administration. “Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2014” eia.gov. US Energy Information Administration, 22 Apr. 2014. Web. 8 May 2014.
The electrical power system in Benin is not that reliable. It’s not reliable because they have frequent black outs and it takes some time for the electricity to get back up and running. Nigeria is supposedly suppose to be exporting more electricity to the country so that schools, businesses, hospitals, homes and etc can be made available during the day and at night. If Nigeria does actually end up exporting the energy it would be a great thing for the company because it would be able to stay open at the hours it needs running.
...tner of this electricity plant. That will definitely decrease our profits and control but it will assure the constant power demand by these industries. Thus we can reduce our external threats through this step. These industrialists will also help financially in our expansion plan and give us better goodwill in the market.
Of course I looked “justice” up in the dictionary before I started to write this paper and I didn’t find anything of interest except of course a common word in every definition, that being “fair”. This implies that justice would have something to do with being fair. I thought that if one of the things the law and legal system are about is maintaining and promoting justice and a sense of “fairness”, they might not be doing such a spiffy job. An eye for an eye is fair? No, that would be too easy, too black and white. I could cite several examples where I thought a judge’s or jury’s ruling was not fair, but I won’t because frankly, we’ve all seen those.
However, there has been a spike in the private companies in this industry. Companies like Reliance Energy, Adani Power and Tata Power are now supplying and vying for the market share.
generated at power plants is carried by power lines to users, sometimes hundreds of miles away.
...h the full expenses included. Challenge overseeing and incorporating over a huge supply change and developing patterns.
About 60% percent of industries responds to rising costs are passed on to Congestion effectively contracts the market area for inputs, bidding ...