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In a study, researchers found that African-American students who were identified by their race scored significantly lower than those African- American students who were not asked to identify their race (Elrich 1994). In another study, women taking a test of math ability were randomly divided into three groups. There was also a math test in which a group of women took. These women were split up in to three different names: women, citizens of the northeast, and private school students. The women who were listed under the name “private school students” scored better than any of the other women taking the test. In fact they also scored higher than the men who took the test as well (Elrich 1994). There was no difference in the information they were being tested on. The crucial difference in all cases was how the test-takers identified themselves. So, why does saying what race or gender you are make a difference in how you answer questions on a test? The answer is found within the expectations of society and a long account of discrimination. So I will report about the effects that discrimination and oppression have on those who’ve been targeted, and think about how we can live above them.
Before we define oppression we have to define it in its basic form which is discrimination. Discrimination has two definitions, one is recognition and understanding of the difference between one thing and another and the other is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things. When we talk about discrimination as a social issue we usually refer to distinguishing between groups in terms of their race, gender, religion, class, etc. This probably date way back when our ancestors teamed up in groups for safety and mutual...
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Elrich, M. (1994). The stereotype within. Educational Leadership, 51, (8), 12-15.
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). New York: Continuum.
Holocust. (2013, August 12). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocust
Lipsky, S. (1987). Internalized oppression. Seattle, WA: Rational Island Publishers.
Oppression. (n.d.). Dictionary.com. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/oppresion
Small, T. A. (2011). WHAT THE HASHTAG?. Information, Communication & Society, 14(6), 872-895. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2011.554572
Urban Dictionary: internalized oppression. (n.d.). Urban Dictionary. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=internalized%20oppression
Oppression signifies an authority of a dominant group over a monitory group, disengaging the minority group from society. “ The term oppression encapsulates the fusion of institutional and systemic discrimination, personal bias, bigotry and social prejudice in a complex web of relationships and structures that shade most aspects of life in our society” (Bell, 2007). In one way or another every individuals experience some form of oppression, whether it be through, sex, gender, religion, age, economic status and/or sexual orientation. In some instances, an “individual may experience multiple oppression and they can be experienced simultaneously or singularly depending on the context” ( Vernon). For, an example as an African American who also
In Schooltalk: Rethinking What We Say About - and to - Students Every Day, Mica Pollock provides readers with fact-based information to “flip the script” of the misrepresentation of students in the education setting. Pollock demonstrates how race, gender, and ethnic labels can be detrimental to student achievement. She, then, dives in to 600 years of myths regarding social race labels and how they continue to affect humans today. By correcting race, gender, and ethnicity label myths in our minds, we can effectively advocate for these students. To conclude the book, Pollock focuses on how to devise a plan to correct our own misconceptions and foster a supportive environment for diverse students. Throughout
Andrea Smith’s “Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy” introduces an alternative framework for the organization of women and people of color (Smith 67). Such framework is non-singular, contrasting the previous which have proven to be limiting to these groups (Smith 67). Through the discussion of the three pillars which are separate, but interrelated and heteropatriarchy within society Smith provides a helpful starting point for organizers to break from systems of oppression and ultimately deconstruct White supremacy (Smith 73).
It is an accepted notion that race does not define an individual. However, it is an ideology that people have to deal with due to society’s nature. After the collapse of Jim Crow’s laws, race was not supposed to be a limiting factor on any individual in the United States. It had been widely accepted that it was nothing more than a myth. However, due to past transgressions, measures were put in place to ensure that people of color who had been harmed by segregation policies had easy access to tools that would better their lives. The fact that society believes that race is nothing more than a myth blinds people to the racial injustices that still take place. For instance, black people are six times more likely to be imprisoned than whites are. Moreover, three out of every four white persons do not have black friends. The opposite is true for two out of every three persons of African descent (Stockman). Nonetheless, the term race is slowly losing its meaning. A portion of society believes that being black will get you killed, while the other is of the opinion that it gets you a free pass to college. Despite the fact that that racism is a myth, there is still the unbearable truth that racial issues are present with little change on the
In the United States, racial discrimination has a lengthy history, dating back to the biblical period. Racial discrimination is a term used to characterize disruptive or discriminatory behaviors afflicted on a person because of his or her ethnic background. In other words, every t...
African American women are considered the most disadvantaged group vulnerable to discrimination and harassment. Researchers have concluded that their racial and gender classification may explain their vulnerable position within society, despite the strides these women have made in education, employment, and progressing their families and communities (Chavous et al. 2004; Childs 2005; Hunter 1998; Settles 2006; Wilkins 2012). Most people agree that race and gender categories are explained as the biological differences between individuals in our society; however sociologists understand that race and gender categories are social constructions that are maintained on micro and macro levels. Historically, those in power who control the means of production
"Aunt Jennifer's Tigers" by Adrienne Rich tells of the repressed Aunt Jennifer who produces scenes representing freedom and fearlessness, but in reality is trapped and powerless. Only through her artistic expression is she able to find a temporary release from her entrapment. In "Trifles", Minnie Wright allows herself to be subjugated for thirty years before she frees her whole self, through drastic means that leads to a more permanent solution, murdering her husband. From a feminist perspective, these two works give very different examples of how a woman is the cast as the "nonsignificant other" (Bressler 144), but discovers a way out of her continual oppression by rejecting their insignificance.
THE WAYS OF MEETING OPPRESSION IS AN ESSAY WRITTEN BY MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., ADDRESSING SEGREGATION THAT IS SPECIFICALLY DIRECTED TOWARD THE AFRICAN AMERICAN AUDIENCE. King’s primary audience is the African Americans, but also he has secondary audiences that he addresses, which are a combination of Christians or those who know of, or believe in the Christian views, as well as people in the legal system. He gives examples through his text that will demonstrate how he addresses mostly the African Americans, but also the various other audiences he is trying to reach to through his memorable speech. In his writing, he tells of three ways that they deal with oppression, and based on these he sends out a message to all who have read or heard his words. This message states what has been done in the past, as well as what should be done based on these past experiences. King chooses to speak to certain people through certain contexts and key phrases. In choosing certain phrases and also on how he states his words, he is successful in influencing all his audiences that he intended to persuade. The words that he carefully chose will tell how and why he wanted to focus on the primary and secondary audiences of his choice.
Discrimination based on race, gender, class, and culture has been reoccurring since the beginning stages of mankind. Discrimination can derive from several different factors, whether sexual identity, race, gender, social-class as this paper demonstrated. The purpose of the paper was to discuss how discrimination was locked to institutional power between 1600s and 1990s, but even today discrimination is very prevalent and will continue to be, as the criminal justice system and the war on drugs acts as a form of discrimination towards people of color. Discrimination based on race, sexual ideologies and practices, and social class seem to still be very prevalent, while discrimination based on gender seems to have left the publics view.
The Pearl Harbor bombing took place on December 7, 1941. This horrible tragedy was committed by the Japanese. In 1942, the United States government ordered many Japanese Americans/Aliens to leave their homes hastily and was detained in remote, military-style camps. They were frightened and unaided due to their indefinite incarceration by the Americans shortly after Pearl Harbor was bombed. The Manzanar War Relocation Center was one of the camps where the Wakatsuki family was interned during World War II. They stayed there for more than three years, from 1941-1945. In “Farewell to Manzanar,” Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James Houston elaborated that the Wakatsuki family faced many challenges in Manzanar in order to survive the humiliation and
In the book, Malcolm X, the recurring theme of racial identity and systemic oppression was plaguing each society like Harlem, Lansing, Mason, and Boston during the birth time of Malcolm, which leads to a lifestyle that would developed into a sense of radical reforms that would makes Malcolm become who he is, as he reflects on the past events and choices that Malcolm made as he told Alex Haley. The short sentences contributes to the beauty of the text by the way of representing the scenes of the past events as it happened to Malcolm while the long sentences shows the reflections of how Malcolm reacts to the past.
Minorities have been the victims of prejudice and discrimination for many years (Dion, 2002). Certain minorities such as African American’s have been targeted and treated unfairly (Zastrow, 2007). For example, a Caucasian person can go into a store to shop without being followed or harassed however, an African American may not have the same experience. Throughout America in some instances Hernstein and Murray asserts that Caucasians are more intelligent, because IQ test demonstrate Caucasians average scores of 10 to 15 points higher than African Americans. Research revealed that those IQ test were racially imbalanced (Zastrow, 2007). American culture has been ambivalent, viewing race and ethnicity both as sources of pride, meaning, and motivation as well as sources of prejudice, discrimination, and inequality. Prejudice is a combination of stereotyped beliefs and negative attitudes (Markus, 2008).
2) Utilizing Glasberg and Shannon, Chapter 1 Introduction, and the works of Karl Marx explain to the reader the structures of oppression, in reference to power, politics and the state? Utilize the concepts of patriarch, racism and heteronormativity.
“From a biological perspective, a race can be defined as a group or population that shares a set of genetic characteristics and physical features ((Leon-Guerrero, 2014). We live in a country full of diversity due to generations of migrants coming to the United States hoping for a better life. Race should not define a person’s capability and neither should someone’s gender. Our society suffers from both racism and sexism, which is having a negative effect on the people. Both race and gender plays a huge part in our society because it is how people define you, we experience it everywhere nowadays. Our race and gender should not differentiate us, should not allow inequality, and show not set
Oppression is not a new phenomenon and it is defined in the social work dictionary as a social act of placing severe restrictions on individual, group, or institution. Typically a government or political organization in power places restrictions formally or covertly oppressed groups so they may be exploited and less able to compete with other social groups. The oppressed individual or group is devalued, exploited, and deprived of privileges by the individual or group who has more power (Barker, 2003).