Chapter-2
Review of literature
Motivation:
Motivation is the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior as studied in economics, psychology and neuropsychology. These reasons may include basic needs such as food or desired object, hobbies, goal, state of being or ideal. The motivation for behavior may also be attributed to less- apparent reasons such as altruism or morality. Motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of human behavior.
Gray and Starke defined motivation as “the result of processes, internal or external to the individual, that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.”
Sayles defined motivation as “the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.”
R.M. Steers and L.W. Porter proposed that “how behavior gets started, is energized, is sustained, is directed, is stopped and what kind of subjective reaction is present in the organization while all this is going on”
Greenberg & Baron define motivation as, “The set of processes that arouse, direct, and maintain human behavior towards attaining some goal.”
Halepota defines motivation as “a person’s active participation and commitment to achieve the prescribed results.”
Steers proposed that “Never before and, some would argue, never since has so much progress been made in explicating the aetiology of work motivation”
Young suggested that “motivation can be defined in a variety of ways, depending on who you ask .Ask some one on the street, you may get a response like “its what drives us” or “its what make us do the things we do.” Therefore motivation is the force within an individual that account for the level, directio...
... middle of paper ...
...stablish the emotional connect to the cause of the role are likely to get more productivity.
4. Challenge them
When you challenge people, they respond with a vengeance. Ask people for better customer serving ideas, improving processes in manufacturing companies or even how to increase their day-to-day response time. Several companies have cross-functional teams to create and throw such challenges and it really works well for them.
5. Manage employee stress levels
Organising health-related conversations with experts and activities — ranging from group trekking, going for walks over weekends with colleagues and families, encouraging employees to participate in mass marathons — help in building bonds and de-stress employees. This in turn increases productivity. Wellness and productivity has become a key practice area for us as a result of growing interest of companies.
motivation is a behavior that makes people want to struggle all the time until he or she achieved the things that they all wanted. motivation can be divided into two ways, intrinsic and extrinsic. the intrinsic one usually comes from his or her desire and this method is really proven that it can possibly achieved if this intrinsic method is used because we do not need to rely on people around like friends mostly. the extrinsic one is the reversal from the intrinsic that we rely on the people who taught us to be motivated and this method quite or often proven or succeed because human also need a help each other.
According to Robbins et al; (Robbins et al, pg 296) motivation refers to the process by which a persons efforts are energized, sustained, and directed towards a goal. This definition has three key elements: energy, direction, and persistence. Motivation is a complex and important subject, has historically been given a great deal of attention by Psychologists, who have proposed theories to explain it. (Riggio, pg 188),
What is motivation? According to text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s H...
Motivation is defined as the process that guides, initiates, and maintains goal orientated behavior and thought (Cherry, 2013). Motivation is what drives individuals to do what they do, whether it is something as simple as getting a drink because he or she are thirsty or something as big as getting up every day and gong to work for a paycheck.
Motivation refers to a process within a person that influences them to move toward a goal and away from unpleasant situations (Kosslyn & Rosenberg, 2010). Humans are motivated by many different sources such as biological factors – the need for food, water or sex, emotional factors – panic, love or hatred which can influence behavior, cognitive behaviors – an individual’s perceptions of the world, beliefs about themselves and expectations about others, social factors – reactions from family, friends and other sociocultural forces like social media and lastly, intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Kosslyn & Rosenberg, 2010). Prominent theories of motivation such as Clark Hull’s Drive reduction theory, Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Incentive
Motivation is literally the desire to do things. In detail, motivation is the internal and external factors that
"Motivation: The psychological feature that arouses an organism to action towards a desired goal, the reason for that action.”
What is motivation? Motivation is described as the DESIRE to achieve a goal through the commencement or launching of goal oriented behaviour. There are two ways that people are motivated, Positive motivation and Negative motivation.
According to Greenberg (1999), motivation is defined “as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal.” Where “directing” refers to the selection of a particular behavior; and ‘maintenance” refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.
The layman’s view of motivation is defined has the action whereby one is given a reason or purpose to complete an objective with more zeal. This in itself is not something new, but rather a method that has been applied for an immeasurable number years, possibly before it was even defined, classified
According to Greenberg (1999) motivation is defined "as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behaviour towards a goal." Where directing' refers to the selection of a particular behaviour; and maintenance' refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.
Motivation is the reason or purpose behind action, or what causes one to act in a particular manner. Motivation can either be intrinsic or extrinsic in nature, yet it rests solely within the power of the individual actor to be motivated (or not) by intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. Motivation is an extremely important topic of discussion in the larger discourse on leadership. It is important because it provides the basis for human action, or inaction. Leaders must be able to understand what motivates their followers in a hope to use that knowledge to guide them to behave in a certain way that is beneficial for the organization. To do so, it behooves leaders to understand the basic concepts and theories of motivation that abound.
Motivation: motivation that drives the individual to conduct or a particular direction, and on the condition that it be able to stimulus
There are many different ways of interpretation of the concept of motivation. To define motivation in general I relied on Oxford Dictionary (2017): “A reason or
¡§Motivation¡¨ derives from the Latin verb ¡§movere¡¨ which means ¡§to move¡¨. Beck (2004, p.3) defined Motivation as an internal state which is the driving force that activates behaviour or gives directions to thoughts, feelings and actions of an organism.