As I searched over the numerous website and psychology books trying to figure out who to write on for this research paper I stumbles upon a famous quote that captures my attention swiftly.
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief….”
This quote was stated by none other than a determined man who is best known for behaviorism and the Little Albert experiment, John B. Watson. Mr. Watson’s life story intrigued me greatly to study his theory and also to write about it for my research paper. Mr. Watson didn’t have a “Brady Bunch family” where there was positivity and smiles all around in contrast; he had a hard life in his early stage but, managed to still excel in life. His work was based on the findings of Ivan Pavlov who discovered classical conditioning. (Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology , 2013) Mr. Watson made history by being the founder of behaviorism which paving the way for another pioneer of psychology Mr. Burrhus Frederic Skinner also known as B.F Skinner which discovered operant conditioning.
John Broadus Watson was born on January 9, 1878 in Travelers Rest, South Carolina. He was born to Mr. Pickens and Ms. Emma Watson. John’s mother, Emma was a very devoted and religious woman who did not encourage ungodly activities. She also named John after a pastor in hope that John will follow the footsteps of the man he was named after and join the church. (Good Therapy.Org, 2013) Pickens, John’s father was the very opposite of his mother he drank frequently and got in many problems with the law. As many say in today’s c...
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...ie over her. (Weiland) After the divorce was filed and finalized, John then remarried to Rosalie and they too had two children James and William.
Works Cited
http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/72/John-Broadus-Watson.html http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/2003/Watsonweb.htm http://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/john-watson.html# http://faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/johnbroaduswatson.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/637615/John-B-Watson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Watson http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/watson.htm http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm http://www.brynmawr.edu/psychology/rwozniak/watson.html http://www.psych.utah.edu/gordon/Classes/Psy4905Docs/PsychHistory/Cards/Watson.html http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2543/Watson-John-B-1878-1958.html
Bibliography 3rd edition Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, & Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994
Joey 's program will be based in Applied Behavior Analysis which was first introduced in 1913, when John Watson started a movement towards behaviorism with his article “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” (Miltenberger, 2012). Based on Pavlov 's observations of classical conditioning, Watson suggested that human behavior could also be explained by the same means and that the process of classical conditioning was proper subject matter for psychology. He believed all human behavior were responses to external stimuli and environmental events (Miltenberger, 2012). B. F. Skinner took Watson 's theory of classical conditioning further to include operant conditioning. The highlight of Skinner 's theory is identifying what a behavior achieves through observing the behavior. It is only after the function of behavior is identified that we can alter the consequences to increase the probability of the desired behavior 's occurrence (Miltenberger, 2012). In operant conditioning behavior is changed through the manipulation of contingencies or the use of reinforcement or punishment after the desired or undesired response occurs (Miltenberger, 2012). Skinner was able to prove through his
Waiten,W., (2007) Seventh Edition Psychology Themes and Variations. University of Nevada, Las Vegas: Thomson Wadsworth.
From an American Psychologist. Vol. 19, pp. 848-852, 1964.
Gall, S. B., Beins, B., & Feldman, A. (2001). The gale encyclopedia of psychology. (2nd ed., pp. 271-273). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
B.F Skinner developed operant conditioning. It’s the theory that one’s behavior is influenced by the actions that follow afterward. If the actions that follow afterward are consequences, then the behavior according to the theory will fade away. If the actions afterward is a positive action like a reward the behavior will continue on.
Behaviorism and conditioning has its share of success stories especially when used to curb undesirable habits such as smoking and drinking, however they have also had their moments of darkness as well as seen in 1920 with John Watson and his little experiments that starred a young boy dubbed Little Albert. During Watson’s experiments to help explain conditioning, During his experiments Watson exposed Albert to a number of animals and recorded Albert’s initial reactions which were next to none at all. Watson then began exposing the same animals to Albert, and providing loud bangs that startled Albert at the same time. Eventually Albert began to cry at the sight of the animals even when they were not seen simultaneously with the loud bang.
John B. Watson was born in South Carolina in 1878 (John Watson (1878-1958), 2007). In 1913 he published an article on behaviorism, “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it (John Watson (1878-1958), 2007).” This article is often referred to as, “The Behaviorist Manifesto (John Watson (1878-1958), 2007).” Watson was the president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1915, and during this time he was awarded a gold medal for his contributions in the field (John Watson (1878-1958), 2007).
This paper will explore the relationship between Sherlock Holmes and his companion and friend Dr. John Watson. What is the relationship between Holmes and Watson? Are they compatible or are their differences to great for them to overcome. Looking at how they work together will also be a key factor in how well the relationship works between the two of them. Do their own interests and abilities get in the way? Does the time period in which they live factor into the environment of their communication styles?
Hewstone, M. Fincham, F. and Foster, J (2005). Psychology. Oxford: The British Psychological Society, and Blackwell Publishing. P3-23.
... middle of paper ... ... Journal of Applied Psychology 92 (2007): 1332–356. Print. The.
The writings and findings of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner have done much for the advancement of modern psychology. Many of the important findings in psychology from their theory of behaviorism, later evolving into the social-learning theory or cognitive social-learning theory. Proponents of the learning perspective think that mentalism should be abandoned for behaviorism. Psychologists should concentrate on observation and direct measurement rather focusing on introspection.
There are five main contributors to behaviorism. They are Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura, and Joseph Wolpe. The beh...
Edited by Raymond J. Corsini. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Second Edition, Volume 3. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
“Behavior theory consists of ideas about how human actions and emotions develop, are sustained, and are extinguished through principles of learning” (Walsh, 2010). Positive and negative reinforcement is used to help manipulate the behaviors of the individual. The theory has been used to help eliminate unwanted behaviors. In addition, behavior theory has been use primarily with children, and persons with developmental disabilities. According to Walsh (2010) behavior theory evolved in the 1960s from a field of philosophy to the field of science. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, which plays a major role in behavioral theory. Classical conditioning is the process of learning through ones surroundings, conditioned, and unconditioned stimuli and response. B. F. Skinner discovered operant conditioning the process of learning to influence the future responses to the environment (Clark, 2004). The two concepts has been used throughout the behavior theory to help assist clients with unacceptable behaviors that is occurring. The combination of the two concepts has been a very helpful aspect to the behavior theory. Both concepts offer a different approach or solution to the behavior of the client.