John Calvin was born July 10th, 1509, in Noyon, Picardy. He was raised up in a staunch Roman Catholic family. Early in his life, Calvin’s father was employed by the local bishop as an administrator at the town’s cathedral. With this newly acquired job, John Calvin’s father wanted Calvin to be a priest. Due to the fact that his family had close ties with the bishop and his noble family, Calvin’s classmates in Noyon were aristocratic and culturally influential in his childhood.
At the age of fourteen, Calvin set off for Paris to study at the College de Marche. This helped him prepare for university study. At the College de Marche, he studied seven subjects: grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. Towards the end of 1523, Calvin left College de Marche, and headed for the more well-known College Montaigu. While in Paris, he changed his name to the Latin form, Ioannis Calvinus, which in French, became Jean Calvin. During this period of his life, Calvin’s education thrived. It was fully paid for by income from several small parishes. Although new theological teachings of people such as Luther and Jacques Lefevre d’Etaples were spreading throughout Paris, Calvin was still a member of the Roman Catholic Church. However, by 1527, Calvin had made friends who were reform-minded. These new friends had impact on his switch over to the Reformed faith. Also, Calvin’s father requested that Calvin study law rather than theology.
By 1528, Calvin moved to Orleans. There, is where he would study civil law. During the next few years, Calvin would study in various places and under different teachers, as he developed a humanist education. In 1532, he finished his law studies and also got around to publishing his very ...
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Over the next three years, Galileo made many new observations about the solar system. In 1618, he became involved with the controversy of comets. Galileo stated that comets were close to Earth, and were caused by optical refraction. Despite the support of Copernicanism, Galileo tried to avoid making public announcements. However, Galileo chose to support the heliocentric theory. This got him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1633, the Inquisition convicted him of heresy and forced him to recant his support of Copernicus. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, but was then later changed to house arrest.
However, at the age of seventy-two, Galileo became blind. This was because he used his telescope to look at the sun so often. Several years later, on January 8th, 1642, Galileo died at the age of seventy-seven.
The ambition of the Protestant Reformation was to "place God everywhere," when in actuality it made today's world even more secular than it was. The main goal was to create a world of profit in a strong world of morality. The documentary follows the Protestant religion's beginnings to the present day. In the 1536, a young pastor named John Calvin was recruited to start a new church in Geneva following a break from the Roman Catholic Church. Calvin was inspired by Martin Luther another French theologian whose temperament was fun than that of Calvin's. However, both men had similar beliefs. They believed in predestination and that faith was the only way to salvation. By the sixteenth century, things began to loosen up. "A new egalitarian, no distinction, and liberated God was now in the streets"(documentary).
The Bible was one of the most important pieces of text during Galileo’s lifetime. If you went against what the Bible stated then you were considered to be a heretic. The Bible indicated that the earth was in the center of the universe and the sun and the other planets revolve around it. a theory known as the geocentric model. Many scientists argued against this theory by stating that actually the sun was in the center of the universe and the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun, this theory was known as the heliocentric model. Nicolas Copernicus was one of the first out of many scientists who publically shared this theory. Later Giordano Bruno also supported this theory and because of this the Church ordered him to be burned
In 1541, John Calvin was invited to Geneva to put his reformed doctrine into practice. Calvin’s Geneva became a centrum for Protestant exiles, and his doctrines rapidly spread to Scotland, France, Transylvania and the low Countries. Dutch Calvinism became a religious and economic force for the next 400 years. In 1559 Elizabeth I took the
Galileo’s contributions to the science of Physics and Astronomy were many. His conviction was legendary. His willingness to suffer for his beliefs exemplify true courage in the name of truth, and has inspired others to venture intellectual independence from the Church‘s creeds, edicts, and proclamations. Perhaps these contributions led to the call for an investigation into Galileo's conviction, eventually calling for its reversal, in 1979 by Pope John Paul II. But regardless of his standing in the annals of the Catholic church he will always be the man who began the separation of science and religion.
I think that according to Galileo an individual gains knowledge of nature threw observation. Galileo believed no one really went out into the world as he did and used the senses that God gave us when we where created, to observe the physical world. He was a very persistent individual and was always looking further into what he observed our read. Many people went along with how he gained knowledge of nature but the few who did not tried to find other ways to damage his beliefs and ideas.
In 1536 a man by the name of John Calvin authored a book titled, “Institutes of the Christian Religion.” In this incredibly detailed theological work, Calvin outlines and defines the doctrines and systematic theology of the Protestant faith. Prior to the release of Calvin’s book, there were little to no reformation movements that were operating on a large scale in the nation of France. But as the impact of Calvin’s work began to grow, there became a growing mass of followers interested in the biblical framework Calvin highlighted. One group, the Huguenots were followers of Calvin and soon began to take steps in starting a Protestant Reformation within the nation of France.
He was an opportunist, but not cynical. He believed that his ideas were beneficial to the society as a whole, so he did not only think about himself. He was an opportunist, no doubt, as he decided to take action and published the book The Starry Messenger that recorded his findings and observations of the stars and planet, thus changing the old mindset of the Earth being the only planet with satellites and the heliocentric theory. He also had plans ready in case opportunities turn up so he could grasp them. For example, when Baberini became the Pope and Bellarmine died, he immediately drafted a debate between the old sciences, which were Geocentrism and other beliefs that the Church had, and the new sciences, which were Heliocentrism and other things that Galileo discovered. He was a Catholic, and believed in searching for the truth of the world, thus he was not researching for his own sake, but for the world’s. In such circumstances, he was an opportunis...
It is no question that Galileo was unjustly punished; even three of the inquisitors decided not to sign the punishing document, (although one of them for purely political reasons) thinking it was too harsh. However, for the time period he was quite lucky. It could have been much worse.
This discovery did not sit well with the people of that time. He shared his discovery with everyone and eventually wrote a book called The Starry Messenger in 1610. This book focused more on his findings of the moons of Jupiter. A few years later he wrote a book titled The Assayer in 1623. This book is when he gained a lot of his followers. One of his biggest supporters was Pope Urban VIII. He sort made Galileo his right hand man. Years after that, in 1632, is when he wrote his book Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. This is when he openly spoke about finding out the Earth not being the center of the Universe. This is when all the issues came about. He was summoned to a trail for heresy in 1633. Leading up to the trial a group of eleven theologians declared that these findings were heretical. Those who believed Galileo were said to be heretics. Shortly after the book was published the Pope sent Cardinal Robert to warn Galileo that he should let his findings go and to not speak of them anymore. He was also told that if he did not obey the warning that he would be prosecuted as a heretic. However, this warning did not stop him. He continued to teach his findings. After he refused to abandon his Copernicus theory he lost the support of Pope Urban VIII. The Pope demanded that his book was to be taken out of circulation. He was then
John Calvin produced the first defined the presentation on Protestantism, which was titled 'Institutes of the Christian Religion'. Sometime in 1522-1534, John had what he called a 'sudden conversion' and accepted Protestantism. The Town Council also accepted Calvin's Ecclesiastical Ordinances, which set up a theocracy in Geneva; a government based on Church rule. Calvin mainly believed in the absolute sovereignty of God, and the person's complete inability to contribute anything towards their own salvation. That second point is known as pre-destination.
Galileo Galilei was an Italian philosopher born in 1564. As an adult, he didn’t believe the universal geocentric theory of the planets and heavens which was established by the Catholic Church. The church taught that the Earth was the center of the universe and everything revolved around our planet. Another theory that the Church supported was that the Earth stood still while the sun rose and set every day. Society in the 1500’s believed that the Pope spoke for God through a divine connection and to against the church was to go against God. To speak out against the church in this time was strictly taboo. If one was to speak against the church was considered to be heresy, which is exactly what happened to Galileo. Galileo invented the telescope and began studying the heavens above and noticed that changes within the stars and planets. He noticed that the “stars” that surrounded Jupiter moved. He came to the conclusion through rational thinking, that the Copernicus’ heliocentric theory was correct. Copernicus was a scientist and philosopher whose theory proposed that the sun was stationary and the heavens orbit around the sun. Galileo tried to convince the church not to aboli...
Before i get on into the early life of John Calvin i should also state that he was Martin Luther successor as the preeminent Protestant theologian. John Calvin was a law student at the University of Orléans it was there when he joined the first cause of the Reformation. Starting off he was the first one of his brothers to survive infancy John mother named Jeanne le Franc was the daughter of a inkeeper from Cambrai.
In 1536, John Calvin was a French lawyer and theologian who lived in Geneva, Switzerland. He published a book titled Institutes of the Christian Religion. Originally he published his work in Latin but subsequently translated into different European languages. The Institutes outlined Calvin’s basic philosophies of “predestination” as a precondition for salvation. Calvin, like many Christian reformers, was most fascinated in discovering the true way to heaven during the Reformation. Calvin came to a logical spat regarding salvation as he fought to comprehend the word of God, According to Calvin’s ideas, God alone
Luther started his education at a Latin school in Mansfield. There he received training in the Latin language and learned about the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer and morning and evening prayers. In 1497 Luther was sent to a school in Magdeburg run by the Brethren of the Common Life, a lay monastic group whose focus on personal piety had a lasting influence on him. In 1501 he enrolled at the University of Erfurt, the best University of the time in Germany. Luther took course in the liberal arts and received the baccalaureate degree in 1502. He obtained his master’s degree three years later. Since Luther graduated from the arts faculty he could chose to pursue graduate work in one of the three disciplines law, medicine, or theology. Due...
In 1612, he published his Discourse on Bodies in Water, refuting the Aristotelian explanation of why objects float in water, saying that it wasn’t because of their flat shape, but instead the weight of the object in relation to the water it displaced. In 1623, a friend of Galileo, Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, was selected as Pope Urban VIII. He allowed Galileo to pursue his work on astronomy and even encouraged him to publish it. but it had to be on one condition, it be objective and not advocate Copernican theory.