Social psychology has been defined as the study of thought processes and the events that go on in the mind of an individual as a result of some form of social interaction. (Catherine J Kelly, 2013). According to the free dictionary ethics is the study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral, choices to be made by a person, moral philosophy.
Ethical guidelines are defined as rules and regulations that sets limitation. The research on ethical guidelines states that there are rules and regulations published by the British Psychological Society (BPS). The objectives of the BPS is to maintain the standards of public awareness of psychology by training. They also aim at improving the practice in psychology and its effects in the
…show more content…
In his famous Bobo doll experiment children were exposed to observe aggressive and non-aggressive behaviour. He carried out this research in 1961 at Stanford University. (The Psychology website, 2013). Within the experiment there are some ethical issues.
The first, most important, ethical issue which was not 100% considered by the researcher, it refers to the participants right of consent. Albert Bandura, as in results he used children under the age of 16 years in his experiment. He obtained his consent from the teachers instead to obtain from parents or guardian. (The statistic hell, 2004). There was no justification at all because he used children between three to six years of age without having consent from parent. (Word press, 2011). According to the statistics website, it is not allowed to use children under the age of 16 years and impaired adults without getting any consent from the
…show more content…
Milgram told the participants that if the question was not answered correctly, they were to administer an electrical shock of increasing intensity as a punishment to the individual who gave the wrong answer. However, it showed a deception as the subject of the experiment were in fact the people issuing the electric shocks. (Simply psychology, 2007). In this case there was no justification as he did not mention to the participants that the shocks were fake, and also that it was the study of memory and forgetfulness. (word press, 2002). Another ethical issue arises on observational research, participants were filmed without their
Upon analyzing his experiment, Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, concludes that people will drive to great lengths to obey orders given by a higher authority. The experiment, which included ordinary people delivering “shocks” to an unknown subject, has raised many questions in the psychological world. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California and one of Milgram’s colleagues, attacks Milgram’s ethics after he completes his experiment in her review. She deems Milgram as being unethical towards the subjects he uses for testing and claims that his experiment is irrelevant to obedience. In contrast, Ian Parker, a writer for New Yorker and Human Sciences, asserts Milgram’s experiments hold validity in the psychological world. While Baumrind focuses on Milgram’s ethics, Parker concentrates more on the reactions, both immediate and long-term, to his experiments.
According to APA’s guidelines, John Watson’s “Little Albert” study would not be allowed today because of ethical violations. One ethical violation is the lack of consent from the subject. Little Albert could never give consent because he was an infant. Watson took advantage of the fact that Albert could not tell people that he wanted to withdraw from the study. Participants should always know what the study will involve and what risks might develop.
Abortion has been a political, social, and personal topic for many years now. The woman’s right to choose has become a law that is still debated, argued and fought over, even though it has been passed. This paper will examine a specific example where abortion is encouraged, identify the Christian world views beliefs and resolution as well as the consequences of such, and compare them with another option.
The Ethical Standards set forth enforceable rules for conduct as psychologists who are members of the American Psychological Association. Most of the Ethical Standards are written broadly, in order to apply to psychologists in varied roles, although the application of an Ethical Standard may vary depending on the context. The Ethical Standards are not exhaustive. The fact that a given conduct is not specifically addressed by an Ethical Standard does not mean that it is necessarily either ethical or unethical. This Ethics Code applies only to psychologists' activities that are part of their scientific, educational, or professional roles as
In 1961, Stanley Milgram, a Yale University Psychologist conducted a variety of social psychology experiments on obedience to authority figures. His experiments involved three individuals, one of them was a volunteer who played the role of the teacher, one was an actor who played the role of the student, and one was the experimenter who played the role of the authority. The teacher was instructed by the authority to administrate shocks to the student (who claimed to have a heart condition) whenever they answered a question incorrectly. The voltage of the shock would go up after every wrong answer. The experimenter would then instruct the teacher to administrate higher voltages even though pain was being imposed. The teacher would then have to make a choice between his morals and values or the choice of the authority figure. The point of the experiment was to try to comprehend just how far an individual would continue when being ordered by an individual in a trench coat to electrically shock another human being for getting questions incorrect. The experiment consisted of administrating pain to different people and proved that ordinary people will obey people with authority. Some of the various reasons are that the experimenter was wearing a trench coat, fear of the consequences for not cooperating, the experiments were conducted in Yale University a place of prestige, and the authority f...
The idea that people learn from one another through observations, modeling, and imitation has been identified as the theory of social learning. Psychologist, Albert Bandura, proclaims that human personality is an interaction between the environment and the mental processes of the individual. To test this theory, Bandura established that children can learn a social behavior such as aggression simply by observing the modeled behavior of another person. Physically aggressive children acquire aggressive tendencies by how their parents have disciplined them. If screaming, slapping, beating, etc., is evident, children are likely to mimic such behaviors and this has the potential for escalated abuse and essentially, violence begets violence. This theory also infers the influence media violence on
Social psychology is about understanding the behavior of individuals in a social environment. For many decades social psychologists have tried to understand the psychological perception that individuals have about themselves and others and how they affect one’s behavior. Many psychologists study human behavior to gain an understanding of how the human minds function. To test the theories of how the human minds function, psychologist’s study human behavior, also know as the raw data of psychology.
Contradiction to this theory presents that not all persons will react equally to an experience as even bandura’s own bobo doll experiment ignores the variable on conduct from person to person. Similar to this observation on adaptation of action on a person, bandura and his experiment wanted to present evidence on the influence
According to The American Psychological Association's (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, psychologists must comply with the standards of the APA Ethics Code as well as the rules and procedures used to carry them out. Having a lack of understanding of the ethical standards is not an acceptable cause to operate in an unethical manner. Furthermore, even though a specific regimen is not mentioned within the APA guidelines this does not exempt an unjust behavior (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010). The same rules apply to Dr. Betsy Jones, a small-town practicing psychologist unsure as to whether her actions would be considered ethical, so she reaches out to a professional colleague for guidance.
In psychology, ethics are important because they set boundaries and control the way psychology is used by a set of laws. Ethic codes mainly protect clients from misuse of psychology. Ethics are important because they refrain the psychologist from lying to a patient. They also give protection to the public, clients, and psychologist. Overall, ethics are used to protect the psychologist and client from harm, as well as give control to the behavior in order to ensure safe and effective treatment. http://www.efpa.be/ethics.htm
Psychology is a social science that aims to study the mind and the behaviors of humans. It aims to understand what drives humans to act the way they do. It differs from sociology and anthropology in that it takes accounts the individual rather than society as a whole.
American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1068.
[1] Ethics is defined as “the code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviour of a person or a group with respect to what is right or wrong” (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.158)
(McLeod) Bandura is best known for conducting the “Bobo Doll” experiment. He developed the social cognitive theory as well as the self-efficacy theory. The self-efficacy theory states one’s belief in his/ her own ability. Bandura found that people who believed in themselves were more likely to accomplish their goals. (Albert) He coined the “Behaviourist Model” in which the Stimulus (environment) > Black Box (which cannot be studied) > Response Behavior. And also the “Cognitive Model” which is the Input (in
American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychological Association (APA), Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx