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Learning disabilities example
Theory of adolescent psychology
Childhood intellectual development 4 9
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Behavior among youth, specifically adolescents, has often been stereotyped as rebellious and problematic. The first formal studying of adolescence, in psychology, didn't even occur until 1904 (Hall, 1904). This makes adolescence psychology fairly new but our understanding of behaviors and cognitive development during this age has come a long way; especially in our knowledge and research into adaptive behaviors and learning disabilities/disorders. These disorders range from the well-known, such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and Asperger's syndrome to the less known, such as William's Syndrome and Dyspraxia. There is a lot of research that has been done over the years on all these disabilities and disorders. These behaviors have strong effects on adaptive behavior and problem behaviors. Williams Syndrome and others have a very strong effect on cognitive development. There are, however, some none invasive and very therapeutic methods to help learning disorders and improve mindfulness in young children and adolescents. Williams Syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder that affects the heart and blood vessel resulting in cardiovascular problems and also includes attributes such as intellectual disabilities, learning problems, facial distinctions, and unique personality characteristics (Hahn, 2014). Williams Syndrome, also known as Williams-Beuren, affects roughly 1 in 20,000 births (Gordon, 2006). Besides the physical distinction involved with this disorder there are a number of mental issues that are present in people with this disorder. Children with Williams Syndrome have been found to have outstanding social, verbal, and musical skills but seem to lack visuospatial construction abilities (Gordon, 2006). Visuospatial Constructio... ... middle of paper ... ...tions to "cover up" the problems as best they can. This comes at a huge cost not only financially to families and companies but as an even greater cost to the children and adolescents who sometimes receive little relief with medication to their symptoms. The various syndromes and disorders discussed all cause similar effects to the children in their social lives both at home and throughout life. It takes a huge toll on their ability to be self-sufficient adults who are limited in their productiveness in society. By studying and researching innovative ideas without medications we can find far healthier and more productive alternatives to over medicating these developing minds. It is our responsibility to continue to find and support these far superior therapies, so we can help "cure" these children and make them functional adults, instead of masking the problems.
Now, for a main question that crosses most people’s mind. How much money do speech-language pathology make hourly and yearly? As of 2012 the median pay was $69,870 and about $34 an hour. The reasoning upon having a median wage is when they take half of the workers of a profession earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10% have earned less than $44,000 and the top 10% made more than $105,000 (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Even when some made the lowest they still are making pretty good money. Since a person now knows about the pay, job requirements, schooling and what speech-language pathologist is, now would be a good time to talk about the age groups that speech problems can happen in.
At least one in four families in the U.S. is affected by mental illnesses. Unfortunately there is no cure for this range of illnesses, which have been around for thousands of years. Of the American adult population, 5.4 percent have a serious mental illness. These health conditions are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, behavior, or some combination of these. They are also associated with distress and sometimes impaired functioning. In 1990 the total cost of mental health services in the U.S. was $148 billion. According to a new report by the Mental Health Foundation, one in five children suffer from a mental health problem. Attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a mental illness that is diagnosed mainly in young children and doesn’t always disappear in adulthood.” All we know is that this genetic, inherited condition [ADHD] is not due to brain damage at all but rather a variation in how the brain functions.” Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) includes symptoms and characteristics that can be placed in one of three categories: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. These characteristics commonly leave a person with ADHD with lack of attention span, easily distracted, fidgety, struggling to stay seated, having trouble engaging in calm activities, impatient, and talking excessively or out of turn. A new study by researchers says that hyperactive children have behavioral differences due to under active parts of their brain, a biological malfunction, rather than due to way they were brought up. This was revealed by a magnetic scanning device that allowed researchers to look at the brains of children diagnosed with ADHD. These studies and statistics reinforce the claim that mental illnesses are not invented simply to justify drugging of children and a disease that needs be educated to the public for better understanding. Rather, ADHD is an illness that affects many people throughout their lives. This topic is often misunderstood by the public. The media and medical community need to educate the positive side of this controversy and not just show the opposing view, which often times misrepresented by the media.
The topic of assessment alone raises many debated discussions, among teachers, and to add Special Education students into the polemical dialogue intensifies the debate. As a result, there are several alternative methods in assessing Special Education students within the learning environment. Professionals have created specifically designated techniques in helping these and all students achieve academic success.
When we think of communication, we tend to think of speech, but there is a lot more to it than verbal communication. Gesturing, tone of voice and facial expressions are all parts of communication that are not verbal. We may not even always realize how much of communication is non-verbal, because we normally don’t think about it that way. However, it would be nearly impossible to communicate without non-verbal communication.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder that causes children to have problems with paying attention, trouble with following instructions, have impulsive behaviors and become easily distracted. Medications, such as Adderall and Ritalin, are used to treat the symptoms of this disorder by helping the patient to focus and pay attention while also curbing their impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. Side effects of these medications are, but not limited to, anxiety, addiction and in some cases psychosis. Proponents of giving ADHD medication to children argue that ADHD is a real disorder in children and the medication does improve the symptoms of the disorder by a large margin as well as being cost effective. Also, not only are the parents happy with the outcome of their children taking the prescribed medication but so are the children themselves. Proponents also argue that by not letting parents of the children, young adults and adults choose to take these prescriptions when diagnosed with ADHD that the medical and psychiatric communities would be in violation of the principle of autonomy. Justice as well would be violated since most of the burden of dealing with all the symptoms caused by this disorder would fall onto those with ADHD and partly on their families. Opponents of giving ADHD medication to children point out that it is not only going to children with ADHD but also being prescribed to those not diagnosed with the disorder as well as the pills being given or sold to other children and young adults. They also claim that the full side effects of ADHD medication are still not known and could have harmful long- lasting side effects on the children taking the medications. In this case, the princip...
...dealing with and treating individuals who suffer from them. Over the next few years technology will help us begin to learn more about them and we can then learn more efficient ways of dealing with these disorders. Not only do these disorders have a harmful effect on the individuals who suffer from them, but everyone around them they are affecting as well. That is why these disorders have such a damaging effect on people’s lives. Hopefully one day we know enough about these disorders to prevent them from happening in the first place.
Most children in present society are rushed through the course of life, missing and blurring the lines of major milestones. They have been exposed to and experiencing too much of the wrong things. Parents and the general society are pushing this generation to becoming mini-adults that seem mature, but is not yet developed enough to actually be mature. As a result, the children become frustrated and stressed, leading to the development of disabilities and disorders. Parents and society needs to not only become aware of, but to also take charge of the mental condition of the next generation.
In the video presentation of How Difficult Can This Be? The F.A.T. City Workshop, Richard Lavoie is able to simulate several of the difficulties that a student with a learning disability has to face at school. Some of the difficulties experienced by the students are intrinsic to the disability itself, but many other difficulties are directly related with the emotions that the student experiences when attending a class, and as a result of his or her interactions with teachers and classmates. Both the United States law and the education system, have the opportunity to make a huge difference in the learning experience of every student with disability. Students with disabilities need to be guided to a path to education that is both feasible and accessible for them; with achievable goals, and by being provided what they need in order to succeed, and to be able to overcome any obstacles.
In 1987, Nancy Mairs argued that physical disabilities are not represented correctly in the media and television. And recently, Rosie Anaya disagrees by explaining that mental disability is suffering worse representation than physical disability. People with mental disabilities are not realistically portrayed on television. Thus, this unrealistic portrayal results in a negative stigma on mental disability and can further isolate those with disabilities.
Learning disabilities are considered to be neurobehavioral disorders (Stewart 2002 p. 4). These disorders are classified as an abnormality in the way that the brain processes information (Stewart 2002 p. 4). It should be noted that neurobehavioral disorders are not considered intellectual disabilities, but rather a difference in cognition, as well as difficulties in the way an individual understands outside stimuli and how the person interacts with the world (Stewart 2002 p. 4). Though learning disorders have traditionally been defined as disorders that explain verbal deficits, recently, there has been a shift in changing the definition of learning disorders to neuropsychological disorders that affect learning and behavior (Grodzinsky et al., 2010 p. 435). Nonverbal Learning Disorder is an example of a disorder that is classified as a neurobehavioral disorder in which the right hemisphere of the brain is affected (Harendek & Rouke 1994 p. 144, Stewart 2002 p. 4). This paper contains a literature review of information pertaining to Nonverbal Learning Disorder.
Child psychology, also known as child development, is the study of psychological growth of children; how these mechanisms develop from infancy to adolescence and why they deviate from one child to the next. Child development is associated with biological, psychological, and emotional diversity that occur in humans. Although there is a different advancement for each child, these developmental changes may be greatly determined by genetic factors and experience during prenatal life. The early years of a child’s life are very important for his or her health and development. Parents, health professionals, educators, and others can work together as partners to help children grow up to reach their full potential.
Woodbury-Smith, M. R., and Volkmar, F.R. (2009). "Asperger syndrome". Eur Child Adolescent Psychiatry 18 (1): 2–11.
Kerig, P., & Wenar, C. (2006). Developmental psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. (5th ed.). Mcgraw Hill.
... affects the diagnosed child, but it affects his or her parents, and siblings in many different ways. Different families go through it differently, but they are all affected emotionally, physically, socially, educationally, and financially.