Abstract:
Semantic web is based on the ontologies as its core which can support the learning content development in different ways. This paper survey issues introduced in the learning content development and associated activities using semantic web technology. This overview is based on investigation of the area of content's creation, metadata, annotation, adpativity and discovery through researches related to these issues from different viewpoints.
I. Introduction:
Semantic web is an important leading technology today that describes the information in a machine understandable way [1]. Its accessibility has made the learning content development and learning activities successful. Tim Berners-Lee pushes the idea of the semantic web forward through his envision for providing automated information based on a machine processable semantics of data and heuristics that use this metadata [2].
Various technologies have emerged for Semantic Web to represent the learning content in an interoperable way. Most of them are based on XML (eXtensible Markup Language), XML Schemas, RDF (Resource Definition Framework) and RDF Schemas [3]. XML views document as a tree where leaf nodes represent text (values of data) and internal nodes represent XML elements. On the other hand, XML Schemas constrains the structure of the XML. While RDF is a framework that represents a metadata (data about data) of resources, RDF schema describes RDF model vocabulary.
In addition, ontology technology has been used in Semantic Web with different goals ranging from the expressing a domain specific learning technology to use conceptual models and inference in the learning content generation mechanisms. Ontologies are a framework for representing knowledge by expre...
... middle of paper ...
..., T. Eap, G. Richards, "Using Semantic Web Technologies to Analyze Learning Content," IEEE Internet Computing,2007.
[21] B. Zhou and T. Haung, “Semantic WEB Service Discovery Search with Ontology Learning," Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2008
[22] S. Sánchez, M. Sicilia, and J. Cobo, "Design Contract-Based Selection and Composition of Learning Objects," In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Computers in Education ,2004.
[23] J. Manuel, M. Sicilia, S. Arroyo “Specifying Learning Object-Based Goals and
Capabilities with WSMO” , 2004
[24] J. Cobo, M. Sicilia, S. Arroyo “A Semantic Web Service Architecture for Learning Object Repositories”, 2007
[25] M. Hanafy and M. Fakery,“A proposed Architecture for Learning Object Selection and Discovery based on WSMO”, IEEE Computer Society ,2008
van Oostveen, R. (2014). Syllabus for EDUC 5101G Learning With Technology. Retrieved from Blackboard EDUC5101G Course Web Site: https://uoit.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-464061-dt-content-rid-2012785_1/courses/20140172557.201401/EDUC5101_course_outline2014_v2.pdf
The transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 ushered in major paradigms shifts in the software industry. Software evolved from being a licensed product to being a subscribed web service. Development efforts slid from the tight control of specialists, for example systems analysts and programmers, towards a collaborative project between end users and technology experts. Learners are now required to teach themselves and teachers are there to facilitate the learning process. The dissemination of knowledge and wisdom would gravitate away from the puritanical filters of rigorous scholastic scrutiny towards a mashed-up crowd sourced assembly such as Wikipedia. Personal websites would now encompass a social networki...
... Yale-New Haven Teacher's Institute, 2014. Web. The Web. The Web.
4. To learn more about discussion webs and concept of definition webs, visit the websites listed in the Teacher resources section.
Susan Brooks-Young, Pete MacKay, & Gwen Solomon. (2003). Building and using WebQuests. Technology & Learning, 23(6), 32.
Web IS. The importance of web led the classical information systems to transform in order to integrate with web technologies. This means that a web application can access an organization’s dataset. And as we mentioned above, this integration creates new data issues, like security and accessibility.
Almarri, H., Rahman, T., Juric, R., & Parapadakis, D. (2013). Semantic Recommendation of Information Sources for Lifelong Learning. Journal Of Integrated Design & Process Science, 17(1), 55-78. doi:10.3233/jid-2013-0005
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a language that is used to represent information about Web resources. RDF is intended for situations in which this information is processed by applications, rather than being displayed to users. RDF provides a common framework for expressing this information so that it can be exchanged between applications without loss of meaning. Since it is a common framework, application designers can take advantage of the availability of common RDF parsers and processing tools. The ability to exchange information betw...
DeCoste, D. C. (2001). A Handbook on Universal Design for Learning. Rockville, MD 20850: Montgomery County Public Schools.
Ed. Edward N. Zalta, Ph.D. Winter 2011 Edition ed. Web. The Web. The Web.
According to the latest NMC Horizon Report (2016), “Learning Analytics and Adaptive Learning” should become a development trend in the area of the implementation of educational technologies at universities within a
National Center on Universal Design for Learning. (2012b). Learner Variability and Universal Design for Learning [Online seminar presentation]. Retrieved from http://udlseries.udlcenter.org/presentations/learner_variability.html?plist=explore
Luchoomun, D.; McLuckie, J.; van Wesel, M., 2010, Electronic Journal of e-Learning, v8 n1 p21-30, Retrieved from http://www.eric.ed.gov/EJ880096.pdf.
With the advent of modern technology, a forceful impact of this technology has been observed in nearly all walks of modern day life. With the increasing access to these facilities, the lives of modern-day human beings have changed so dramatically that in many cases a reversal towards the old ways of life seems apparently impossible. Similar is the case with the process of education. In general the concept of e-learning has modified learning modes and behaviors to a much greater extent. It has...