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Charismatic leadership
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Leader Characteristics Charismatic leadership is one of four subdivisions of the larger concept of transformational leadership (Bass, 1990). Charismatic leaders are self-confident, dominant, purposeful, articulate, influential, idealistic, and expressive. They have high energy levels, strong convictions, the ability to display empathy, and are risk takers (Bass, 1990). By stimulating "ailing corporations, revitalizing aging bureaucracies or launching new enterprises" (Howell and Avolio, 1995), charismatic leaders demonstrate how truly effective they can be. These leaders are often described as visionaries, with a strong sense of the future and a passion for their vision. They are able to achieve the vision by developing strategies to accomplish the long term goals associated with the vision. Expressiveness is an important quality in charismatic leaders. Charismatic leaders can utilize nonverbal cues "to move, inspire, or captivate others" (quoted in Bass, 1990). According to Bass (1990) the charismatic's "tone of voice is engaging and captivating, and their facial expressions are animated." Charismatics must convey an aura of complete self-confidence. This self-confidence enables them to become "larger than life" (Bass, 1990) in the eyes of their followers. Another quality attributed to charismatics is eloquence. In order to reach the audience, he must possess the ability to speak directly to them. The message has to reach the audience in a fundamental way, a way which addresses their needs. High energy levels are necessary for a charismatic to be successful. This allows the leader to "relentlessly promote their beliefs with boundless energy" (Howell and Avolio, 1995). Bass (1990) also notes that charismatic leaders are s... ... middle of paper ... ...ion. These leaders have great power over there followers and it is not always positive, as evidenced by many of the charismatic leaders seen in history. References Bass, Bernard M. Bass. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (3rd ed). New York: The Free Press. Howell, Jane M., & Avolio, Bruce J. (1995). Charismatic leadership: Submission or Liberation? Business Quarterly. 60, 62-70. Mirriam-Webster Dictionary. (1997). Springfield, MA: Mirriam-Webster. Nur, Yusuf Ahmed. (1998). Charisma and managerial leadership: The gift that never was. Business Horizons, 41(4), 19-26. Pillai, Rajnandini, Schriesheim, Chester A., & Williams, Eric S. (1999). Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal of Management. 25(6), 897-933.
Yukl, G. (2002), Leadership in Organizations, 5th ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, .
Transformational Leadership and High-Intensity Interval Training posits; “The athlete’s sense of accomplishment provides a heightened sense of well-being, pride, confidence, belongingness, perseverance, self-awareness of capabilities, and a belief in their capacity to conquer challenge” (Himelhoch, 2014, p.37). These traits are important for a transformational leader, but are also found in a charismatic leader. Charisma in a leader is defined in Leadership Theory, Application & Skill Development as “a social construct between the leader and follower, in which the leader offers a transformative vision or ideal which exceeds the status quo and then convinces followers to accept this course of action not because of its rational likelihood of success, but because of their implicit belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader” (Lussier & Achua, 2013, p.325). Charismatic and transformational types of leadership styles are very similar, but a transformative leader may not have that special “it factor” that a charismatic leader possesses. Leadership Theory, Application & Skill Development give examples of such leaders; “Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Abraham Lincoln, or Jack Welch are transformational, but few will label them as charismatic” (Lussier & Achua, 2013, p.342). While these leaders have affected
Idealized influence. Idealized influence includes leaders’ charisma, or their ability to generate strong emotions in followers, and is considered the most important of the four characteristics of transformational leaders (Avolio, Bass, & Jung, 1999). Charismatic leaders are confident in themselves and hold a strong conviction in their beliefs, evoking passion in their followers (Bass, 1985). They many times place the team’s needs before their own, and they guide the organizational culture into the change envisioned (Bass et al., 2003). Bass (1985) suggested that charismatic leadership strongly influences followers, thus positively influencing organizational performance. This ability to influence is due largely in part to the charisma exhibited by the leader (Bass & Avolio, 1994). Ehrhart and Klein’s (2001) review of literature concerning charismatic leadership found four behaviors repeatedly referred to as “charismatic”: (a) communicating high performance expectations, (b) exhibiting confidence in followers’ ability to reach goals, (c) taking calculated risks, and (d) articulating a value-based vision of the future (Kark & Van Dijk, 2007). Accumulated evidence points to transformational and charismatic leadership as influential modes of leadership that are associated with high levels of individual and organizational performance (Dvir, Eden, Avolio, & Shamir, 2002; Kark & Van Dijk, 2007; Lowe, Kroeck, & Sivasubramaniam, 1996).
Charismatic leadership resembles transformational leadership, both types of leaders inspire and motivate their team members.
Charismatic leadership is a characteristic in which a person has the ability to communicate with people in a deep and emotional level. Charismatic leaders are able to express their ideas and vision effectively.
As stated in Discourses of Charisma: Barack Obama’s First 6 Months as President of the USA, “charismatic leadership can be divided into ethical and unethical charisma” (Takala, Tanttu, Lamsa, & Virtanan, 2013, p. 155). For the above noted reason, the charismatic leader is heavily reliant on impression management, resourcefulness, and manipulation. When considering methods to garner production and increase performance, then, the charismatic leader seeks domination as a means to complete self-interest for their own purposes. This observation is in stark contrast to the individual consideration exhibited by the transformational leader and the characteristic of servitude from the servant
Willis, Gary. Certain Trumpets: The Nature Of Leadership. New York , New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Charismatic individuals can brighten a room by genuinely expressing their feelings. By doing this they have the ability to affect the moods and emotions of others. They demonstrate an acute ability to read-off others emotions and adjust accordingly to make a stronger connection. They have the understanding and control over their own feelings that prevent them from an emotional outburst unless they mean it. (Riggio, 2010)
Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 285-305.
Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2011, March). The ethics of charismatic leadership. Retrieved April 16, 2011, from http://www.breakoutofthebox.com/charisma.htm
Northouse, P. (2010). Leadership: Theory and practice (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
As mentioned in the previous sections, charismatic leadership has plenty of historic examples in a range of fields. There are the political examples of Martin Luther King and the other extreme example of Hitler. But you also have charismatic leaders in the field of social justice and business.
As a growing debate, the question at hand is whether great leaders are born with specific leadership traits, or if one can be taught certain traits over time. According to (Wikipedia.com) the approach of listing leadership qualities, often termed "trait theory of leadership", assumes certain traits or characteristics will tend to lead to effective leadership. I believe that leadership traits such as honest, competent, initiative, inspiring, hardworking, intelligent, and the ability to lead the masses, are some of the leadership traits one should possess. Within this paper, I will examine the overall concept of leadership traits, while observing the traits that were, or can be associated with successful leaders.
A charismatic leader is one whose followers are drawn to his or her personality and magnetism. They have extraordinary qualities and are described as almost god-like to those that follow them and look up to them. With being a team leader, their whole purpose is to try and allow for their passion and enthusiasm to rub off on their team members by portraying a positive and energetic attitude. Charisma stems from participating in something you truly have a passion for, something that undoubtedly sparks your interest. Charismatic leaders seem to become apparent in troubled times, whether it being within personal relationships or within an organization, simply because an inspiring personality helps to reduce any stress or anxiety amongst its followers. Charismatic leaders strongly appeal to the values and morals of their followers and the psychological ...
To reflect back on my original question; although the degree of charisma may continue to be on the radar for the selection and evaluation of leaders, in many ways this trait can add to the effectiveness of leaders and I believe will continue to a valued trait.