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metaphors we live by explained
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Works by those in the field of applied linguistics argue that language creativity is not only a property ‘traditionally associated with poetry’ and other forms of literary texts, but are characteristic of everyday conversational practise (Maybin and Swann, 2006, p.1). Rather than defining literary language as being ‘distinct’ from ordinary conversation, recent language studies suggest that textual artistry is an indicative form of creative expression that is widespread amongst all cultures and societies (Maybin and Swann, 2006). Examples of this position reason that the connection between ‘textual artistry’ and everyday discourse is not simply a matter of language users reproducing literary language for ‘aesthetic effect,’ but serves to communicate …show more content…
For example, scholarly articles by authors Lakoff and Turner, describe metaphors as ‘poetic mechanisms found in different cultural contexts’ that expand our everyday language and cognitive thought in new and creative ways (Lakoff and Turner, 1989, p.67, cited in Maybin and Swann, 2006, p.18). Carter reasons that everyday figures of speech such as idioms, puns and metaphor are ‘pervasively poetic’ features of language creativity that are not only found in children’s discourse,’ but in adult’s everyday conversational practise (Carter, R, 2006, p.34). With reference to Cook’s earlier definition of children’s language play, he also examines the function of ‘adult language play in private’ (Cook, G, 2006, p.39). Cook asserts that adults may believe they conduct themselves more maturely than children. However, language play remains prevalent and extends into adulthood. For instance, although adults are less likely to indulge in ‘risqué or infantile language’ in public, they may privately express playful terms of endearment to communicate tenderness and depth of emotion to their lovers (Cook, G, 2006, …show more content…
Within its contextual form this use of language creativity links largely to Carter’s ‘sociocultural model’ Maybin and Swann, 2006, p.8). However, Cook argues that verbal duelling is not specific to class or race and is widespread across all societies including the ‘major political rhetoric’ within The House of Commons (Cook, G, 2006, p.42). In conclusion, creativity in everyday language can be identified as an ‘essential human faculty’ that has been shared across generations and communities. Through play and indeed everyday language play, we express emotions, bond relationships, form identities and in an effort to keep up with an ever changing and developing world, create new identities and creative forms of language (Cook, G, 2006,
Amy Tan talks of the English she grew up with. Tan describes an English her mother uses and an English she shares with her husband. Tan sprinkles in the emotional intricacies of a personalized language that is burdened by misconceptions and apprehensively describes this language as “broken,” but expression through the use of a “broken language doesn’t invalidate what is being said, it doesn’t devoid passion, intention or imagination it simply differs from a normality. Envisage expression as ubiquitous. The differences rest in the vessels used to express. Here, I am using the English language, a grandiose entangling of words and a structured system, to indite my thoughts.
From the most basic of functions like recognition and storage to the complexities of discourse and cultural expression, language functions are an integral and pervasive component of the human experience. In these pages I have sought to describe the operation of the six language functions through the analogy of a figure skater and a dancer. Each skill builds upon the next to weave the intricate set of skills and abilities that humans have uniquely developed to share information and each other’s experiences of the world.
Languages are the foundation of communication in our world; whether through speaking or writing, words give people ways to convey information and feelings. But do these words do an adequate job of saying what people think everyday? Herman Melville's short story, Bartleby the Scrivener, provides an interesting basis upon which one can analyze the effectiveness of language, using a situation that has no sufficient counterpoint: passive resistance. Because of the nature of the school of criticism, if one reads this story while simultaneously considering elements of post-structuralism and deconstruction, more emphasis is placed on the particular words that Bartleby, his boss, and the other employees use to interact, and how little these words actually
Literary language is a certain language or grammatical style that is used in literary writing. Neil Postman speaks of exposition and strongly speaks about words and how they “have very little to recommend them except as carrier of meaning” (50). Neil Postman is straight-forwardly claiming, that words are nonsense “if they refuse to issue forth a fact, a request, a question, an assertion, an explanation” (50). Thus showing, words are only listened to if they actually hold a true meaning behind them, if not, they will come off as uninteresting or
Lunsford, Andrea A. "Rhetoric and Composition." Introduction to Scholarship in Modern Languages and Literature. Ed.Joseph Gibaldi. New York: Modern Language Association, 1992.
In the book Metaphors We Live By, authors George Lakoff and Mark Johnson address the traditional philosophic view denouncing metaphor's influence on our world and our selves (ix). Using linguistic and sociological evidence, Lakoff and Johnson claim that figurative language performs essential functions beyond those found in poetry, cliché, and elaborate turns of phrase. Metaphor permeates our daily experiences - not only through systems of language, but also in terms of the way we think and act. The key to understanding a metaphor's effect on behavior, relationships, and how we make sense of our environment, can be found in the way humans use metaphorical language. To appreciate the affects of figurative language over even the most mundane details of our daily activity, it is necessary to define the term, "metaphor" and explain its role in defining the thoughts and actions that structure our conceptual system.
Form is often overlooked when analyzing a multitude features in a variety of literature. In “3 ways to speak English,” by Jamila Lyiscott, “The Dangers of Single Story,” by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and “Mother Tongue,” by Amy Tan utilizes both form and content to bring unity into their writings. Throughout this essay, it will discuss the parallel relationship between form and content.
Language is like a blooming flower in adversity – they are the most rare and beautiful of them all as it struggles to express itself. It blooms and flourishes in strength, awe, and passion as the riches of thought is imbibed from the seed and into a finished beauty. For others, a non-native person speaking in a language that they are not familiar with sprouts out like a weed – the way its thorns can puncture sympathy and comprehensibility. Amy Tan, however, addresses the nature of talk as being unique under its own conditions. In Tan's “Mother Tongue”, she discusses how her mother's incoherent language is “broken” and “limited” as compared to other native English speakers. When focusing on Amy Tan, she grows noticeably embarrassed with her mother's lack of acuteness in the language, which then influences Tan to “prove her mastery over the English language.” However, she soon learns from herself and -- most importantly -- her mother that a language's purpose is to capture a person's “intent, passion, imagery, and rhythm of speech and nature of thought.” With such an enticing elegance...
NORGAARD, N. (2009) The Semiotics of Typography in Literary Texts. A Multimodal Approach. Orbis Litterarum. 64: 2 141-160 [WWW] Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0730.2008.00949.x/full [Accessed 03/04/2011]
The Neo-Wittgensteinian theory of Art has been modeled mainly after the ideologies and teachings of Ludwig Wittgenstein, a philosopher and logician from Austria. Much of his work focuses on the validity of the use of language, which is applied to the argument I made in this paper. His language-games theory of “private language” can extend its argument to the study of aesthetics (“Individual Philosopher Philosophy”).
Updike argues that the role of writers is to serve as instruments of expression within society, providing a means of communicating between writers and their audience. Updike, like many writers, dotes not on the context of the words in a language, but on their “potential...of becoming reality, of engendering out of imitation another reality, infinitely lesser but thoroughly possessed, thoroughly human.” (Updike “Why Write?”) The figurative language Updike uses illustrates the idea of words coming alive, and personifies language as possessing the ability to become a tangible representation of the individual.The power that language holds allows for the voice of an individual to be projected, and for society to articulate the voices of all individuals uniformly without censoring the voices of
Have you ever wondered who taught you to talk the way you do? People learn to talk and express themselves everyday of their lives. Starting from the day you were born you used language or some form of it to communicate with those around you. As a baby you usually show your displeasure with your new surroundings by crying, and if you don’t the doctor will make sure you do. Everyday we express our point of view to others in some form of language. Whether it is through verbal communication, written discourse or through body language, you can tell if a person is upset, angry, or happy. We as human beings don’t realize how much language has to do with our lives. How can you determine if one of your friends is angry with you? Is there a different tone to their voice? Do they have a stern look on their face? Of course they do, your friend feels the need to express their anger to you by these different forms of language. Where do we learn to use these different forms of language? How are our uses of these languages shaped? The three main contributing factors to how we express ourselves through language come from our schooling, our friends, and most of all from our families.
Shea, Renee, Lawrence Scanlon, and Robin Scanlon. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric. 2nd ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2013. 525-529,546-551. Print.
O'Barr, William M., and Bowman K. Atkins. ""Women's Language" or "Powerless Language"?" Making Sense of Language: Readings in Culture and Communication. Comp. Susan D. Blum. New York, NY [etc.: Oxford UP, 2013. 401-06.
Today the issue of the difference between men’s and women’s use of language raises hot debates among sociolinguists, psychologists and other scholars. They create various theories that complicate the issue because of the fact that they observe gender differences from various perspectives. One theory is known as “genderlect”, which according to The Free Dictionary is a variety of speech, writing, or conversational style used by a particular gender. An analysis of the writings of both genders reveals one main difference between them: men focus more on status in their writings while women focus more on a connection with the reader (Lyons).