Lab: Triple Point of Dry Ice
Introduction
When a substance undergoes a triple point change, then it goes through all three of the states of matter: solid, liquid, as well as gas. When all three matters exist at the same time, it is extremely rare and an interesting sight to experience. A triple point is defined, specifically, as “ the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance can coexist in equilibrium” (1). An excellent example of a substance that has the ability to obtain a triple point would be dry ice. Dry ice is solid CO2. Dry ice has many uses, which include keeping items frozen for a long period of time. This is because dry ice is simple to freeze, stays cold, and has a temperature of “-109.3°F or -78.5°C” (2).
Dry ice is very useful for food storage. For example, when shipping meat, dry ice is used at the bottom of the container. This will delay the spoilage of the meat. Dry ice can also remove the tiles from on your floors. This is because the tiles will become looser. They loosen because the chill from the dry ice will shrink the tiles, making it easier to move the tile around. Another use is to brand animals such as horses and cattle. The dry ice super freezes the alcohol; making is easy to brand the animals. Another practical use for dry ice is a more medical approach. Doctors use it to freeze of skin imperfections such as warts. Doctors also use it when shipping biological specimens that are used for testing things in the lab. In addition, it can be used as a chemical retardant. A chemical retardant is “ the extent to which a chemical is held back or delayed” (3). Since the dry ice is so cold, its low temperatures slow and sometimes stop the full chemical ...
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...ns. This is related to Gay –Lussac’s Law. This is because temperature is the same thing as kinetic energy, and as the energy rises, the particles within the substance start to rapidly collide with one another, and they exert increased pressure. This law is written out as: .
Something that I found interesting in this lab was that the fog type substance at the end of the explosion. This was the as given off from the triple point of the dry ice explosion. The fog lingered for about a minute, then vanished. It stayed on top of the water, and if one put there hand over it, it would move around like smoke.
Dry ice is not only used in labs to observe the triple point, but also in real life, as mentioned before. It can be used as meat storage, tile shrinker, shipping test tubes, wart remover, chemical retardant, and many more amazing uses.
The first application I’m going to discuss where water is used as a natural refrigerant is a swamp cooler, with a swamp cooler there is a drum that is made of an absorbing material where the bottom of the drum is submerged in water. A fan blows outside air across the drum as the air passes over the drum the temperature of the air decreases as the relative humidity is drawn from the drum into the outside air that is passing across the drum. Some pros to using a swamp cooler are the pretty cheap to build and surprisingly quite efficient to run and maintain.” They're cheap to build and install. The only materials it takes to make them are a blower fan, a pump, a pad (either synthetic or made of wood shavings), some water and a box (usually made of sheet metal), The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) estimates that an evaporative cooler, installed, costs between $700 and $1,000, compared to several thousand dollars for a central air conditioner (Swamp)” Although there are some pros to a swamp cooler if you live in a humid climate where some of the humidity needs to be r...
The general chemical characteristic of gas equilibriums is when the concentrations of reactants and products do not change with time. This is known as the state of reversible reaction. At this state, pressure, density, colour and concentration can be recognised. At equilibrium, both the forward and backward reactions are still continuing because the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal. This leads to the general physical characteristic of gas equilibriums which is the concentration of each substances become constant and the system is said to be at dynamic equilibrium. The equilibrium can be established in physical equilibrium and in chemical equilibrium.
The simplest answer is that the antifreeze doesn’t allow the icefish’s blood to freeze in the cold temperature hence the name
At a constant temperature, a pure liquid has a vapor pressure that describes the pressure of escaped gaseous molecules that exist in equilibrium at the liquid’s surface. Adding energy to a pure liquid gives more molecules the kinetic energy to break the intermolecular forces maintaining the liquid and raises the overall temperature of the liquid. Eventually, adding energy boosts the liquid’s vapor pressure until it equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure. When this occurs, the pure liquid boils at a temperature called the boiling point.
prime aim is to generate better quality sheet, which depends upon the rate of cooling.
In which the graph is directly proportional to the volume and the temperature. As temperature increases, the volume increases, which exhibits a linear function. Therefore a linear equation can be made by using the two given points (85 (T1), 34 (V1 ) and (1 (T2), 29 (V2). By using the slope formula, the slope turn out to be 0.0595 mL/°C. From this the y and x intercept can derived from the slope when setting either x or y as zero to solve for the other. In this case, when x is one of the points such as 1 the y intercept can be solved to be 28.9. When setting y to zero and solving for x the value comes out to be -484(°C) which is the value in which the volume is 0. When comparing it to the actual absolute zero (-273.15°C) it is -77.2% off from the actual value in which the volume is suppose to be zero. At the end, the experiment correlated with Charles ' Law. This can be explained with water entering the test tube. In which lower temperature lowers the volume of the gas in the tube (water going in reducing the volume). When referring to absolute zero, it refers to 0 thermal energy, and in context scientists were able to cool down matter that is very close to this number but did not achieve absolute zero. For gases many factors that contribute on whether gas escape the atmosphere, this include the mass of gas, temperature, gravity, and planet size. The reason Charles ' Law uses the Kelvin scale
The Iceman is kept in a glass vitrine with regulated temperature of -6℃ and humidity of 98% at glacier-like conditions.
For most of history, ice and snow, packed into cellars insulated with wood or straw, were used for refrigeration. It wasn’t until 1755 that the first artificial refrigeration system was established by William Cullen (Koelet, 1992). Throughout the 1800s, many mechanical refrigeration systems were designed and developed, and the vapour compression cycle most commonly used today dates back to this time.
The heat makes the molecules in the mixture expand and move slower than when they are in colder temperatures (source 1). The molecules are like people when it comes to how they react to heat and coldness. When the molecules are cold, they like to be very close to one another and the molecules move fast because they are “shivering” (source 2).This is just a one of many examples and comparisons that I am going make throughout this paper. Some of the examples will be very cheesy. I am going to give a warning. When the molecules are hot, they like to be far apart from one another (source 1). They even might start to sweat like humans, too. The molecules have some energy too, but the molecules just do not have as much energy when they are hot. They like to be lazy like many humans do in hot weather (source 1).
On earth, substances tend to exist in one of three phases; either a solid, liquid, or gas. While solids and liquids have defining factors such as volume, and for solids only, a shape, gases exhibit neither of these. Gases naturally take the shape of and expand into the volume of the container, and change when placed in different surroundings. As gases are constantly moving around and colliding with the walls, they exert a force, or pressure, on the walls of its container. Pressure is one of the characteristic behaviors that gases exhibit, but due to their nature, various factor effect the pressures that a gas can exert. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, scientist began to stumble upon these various factors that affect gases, especially
Water and antifreeze mixture is important bc because you want it to match the climate that you are in. For instance, Northern states mixture is about 70/30. For the southern states the mixture is about 50/50 (water/antifreeze). Antifreeze is important bc because it reduces the boil/freeze point of an
...forest is to be opened up for extensive industrial development and metropolitan prosperity. Therefore, “dry ice cans” surpasses all possible ideas ever established in its social and economical benefits for the general wealth of the people.
Ice structuring protein does not affect the quality of ice present at any given temperature but influences the size and shape of the ice crystals formed; crystals produced being rod shaped rather than usual round ones. Manufacture of ice cream and edible ices has the product mix entering the freezer at 5°C and extruded at nearly -6°C where approximately 60% of the final ice structure formed. Clarke et al., 2004 studied the ice crystal size distribution in ice cream as affected by ice structuring protein of winter wheat grass, before and after temperature abuse (cycling between -10°C and -20°C e...
The most important advantage is that glass containers do not release any chemicals or smells that can spoil the food and drinks that are put in them. The contents remain safe to consume as long as they have not expired. Also, for the same reason, glass does not pollute soil and underground water when thrown in landfills. Another advantage is that although glass can be moulded into any shape by using heat, it can withstand high temperatures, and so food products such as jam can be safely pasteurized in glass jars. In addition, glass can be recycled. In some countries, companies collect glass containers from homes and return them to glass factories to be processed into new glass products. Moreover, glass containers are reusable. Glass bottles and jars can be collected, washed, sterilized and used again. Recycling and reusing glass is also a way of saving money, ener...
“Cream of Ice” as it was referred to back in the 17th century, was a similar dessert that was introduced to France in 1553 by Catherine de Medici. Ice cream was not available to the universal public till 1660. “A kind of ice-cream was invented in China about 200 BC, when a milk and rice mixture was frozen by packing it into snow.” (CBBC Newsround) Different types of ice cream can take different amounts of times to freeze, so the purpose of this experiment is to find out if different amounts of salt affect ice creams freezing time. This would help many ice cream businesses if they would need to add more salt or decrease the salt in their ice cream recipes.