Krakatau, West of Java
I. Introduction
Krakatau is a former stratovolcano that is located within the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. The most popular and logical theory for the origin of its name is that it was adapted from the sanskrit word “Karkata”, justification being that Rakata is cited as meaning crab in the older Javanese language (Wilson, 1999). The origin of this volcano is perhaps first noted in the Javanese Book of Kings in 416 A.D. as a “thundering sound” in Kapi, a westward province of Java. Despite this reference, no geologic evidence of an eruption has been reported of that time. It is believed that during this time period the eruption left the three islands that we know of today. This paper will explore the legacy of
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By 1930 it crested anew producing flows faster than the waves could erode them. It currently grows at approximately 6.8 meters per year and is active, alternating between quiet periods and strombolian eruptions (Shoeman). It is located between the two former volcanoes Danan and Perbuwatan
X. Anak Krakatau’s Eruptions
In terms of chemical composition, it has been noticed that the flows of Anak Krakatau are similar to those in Hawaii. There is a presence of basalt as well as the old rhyolite of Krakatau, making Anak Krakatau a chemically complex volcano (Shoemaker). As denoted in the geochemical section of this paper, Anak Krakatau is next in a series of magma types, or is slightly differentiated, and is a significantly active volcano with enumerative degassing events. Eruptions include frequent pyroclastic flows
XI. Conclusions
Overall, Krakatau was one of the most infamous and devastating volcanic eruptions mankind has been around to witness. Ranking a VEI of 6 and a death toll of over 36,000 people, the impacts of this hydrovolcanic eruption were astounding. In light of this, more information was recorded and spread than with any preceding
On May 22, 1915, an explosive eruption at Lassen Peak devastated nearby areas and rained volcanic ash farther 200 miles to the east! This explosion was the most powerful in a series of eruptions from 1914 through 1917. ...
These differences are in the makeup of the volcano, the impact on society, and the eruption itself. Mount Saint Helens, used to be a wonder of the world, but now a damage site of what happened on May 18, 1980. Mauna Loa is a tourist destination and one of the most active dispensers of lava and magma in the world. As shown, these volcanoes can’t be more different. Yet, each volcano has been a culprit to destruction, and have similarities within themselves. This report has expressed many similarities and differences and brought facts and knowledge to the historical eruptions by these impressive and ancient structures of
The most iconic volcanic eruption in history was the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 A.D. Mt. Vesuvius is located on the west coast side of Italy. Pompeii was the ancient town five miles from Mt. Vesuvius where people would flock to the area in 79 AD to be near the Bay of Naples. Little did they know that the volcano would erupt into the most destructive volcano in history. Mt. Vesuvius has erupted about three dozen times and was the most disastrous due to the large population around the area. The volcano, which is still active today, is a stratovolcano. A stratovolcano has pyroclastic flows and erupt explosively and violently. Pyroclastic flows don't necessarily look exactly like “flowing eruptions”. These eruptions are not the “flowing” type of eruptions because they are eruptions with explosions and blowing clouds that fill the air. These clouds are usually dark clouds that are made up of ash. Pompeii had some signs of the volcano erupting, but the technology was not like the technology of today where scientists can monitor the volcanic activity.
Weisburd, Stefi. "Volcanoes And Extinctions: Round Two." Science News 131.16 (1987): 248-250. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 13 Jan. 2014.
Mount Vesuvius is one of history’s most recognizable Volcanoes, as each of its eruptions have gone down as a significant event in geologic history. The events that transpired during and after these eruptions have shaped the way scientists and people view the sheer power that these volcanoes possessed. This report will take a look at Vesuvius’ most prolific eruption in 79 AD. The geologic setting of the mountain, precursor activity, and the impact the eruption had on the surrounding populations and towns will all be detailed. Along with these details, this report will also look at the further history of Vesuvius’s explosive past by detailing its eruption cycle. Finally, the current state of Vesuvius and the possible danger the current population living near the mountain could face should it erupt explosively again.
The new studies have showed that the last eruption the volcano has had was around 60,000 years ago and by studying the ejected microscopic rock indicates that the volcano has entered into a new phase of volcanic movement.
From modern examples and records we know that volcanic activity can set of a chai...
Kilauea is the youngest volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii. Still active, there have been 34 eruptions since 1983. Kilauea is a shield volcano, meaning it covers a wide range of area, and has sloping sides. Kilauea is usually confused as being a smaller part to the neighboring Mauna Loa volcano, but it has it’s own lava flow system which makes it special to the Hawaiian islands. The history of eruptions from Kilauea is lengthy and the volcano’s name actually means, “spewing.” The oldest documented samples of lava date back almost 3,000 years and the oldest human documented eruption happened in 1823.
"Geology Fieldnotes - Katmai National Park and Preserve." National Park Service: Nature & Science» Geology Resources Division. 01 Apr. 2005. Web. Feb. 2014.
Digging up the dirt on Mauna Loa. (Hawaiian volcano studied) Science News v144, n25-26 December 18th, 1993 414 (1 page)
Volcanoes have always been a mysterious wonder of the world. Volcanoes have shaped the landscape and the very ground that we all live on. People have written stories of their disastrous eruptions, and painted their marvelous shapes on canvas. The essay will outline some of the more famous volcanoes and how they have impacted are history. Mount Vesuvius that destroy the great city of Pompeii, Krakatoa they spewed deadly ash on small village town, and Mount St. Helen, the only volcano in my own country to every erupt during my own time period.
Stories about volcanoes are captivating. Myths come in different versions, but all of them are capable of capturing yours, and everybody’s imagination.
Volcanoes can be one of the most destructive forces on Earth. It is estimated that some
Mount Tambora, located on the Island of Sumbawa, Indonesia is classified as a Stratovolcano. Also known as a composite volcano, Tambora is a tall conical volcano (cone like structure) where layers of the walls are built by hardened lava and volcanic ash. The term composite is used to describe the volcano due to the composite layered structure built from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials1. Among the most common types of volcanoes, Tambora also shares its destructive prowess with best-known volcanoes such as Krakota (1883) and Vesuvius (79 A.D). The Island of Sumbawa is located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain (a group of islands in the southern Maritime Southeast Asia) and is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara3. A map of Mount Tambora is shown in Figure 1 to provide a better perspective of its location. Interestingly enough, Tambora forms its own peninsula on Sumbawa, known as the Sanggar Peninsula. In April of 1815, after years of dormancy, Mount Tambora erupted with great intensity, approximately 7 on the volcanic explosivity index, which is shown in Figure 2. It has been estimated that the eject volume of Tambora was 160 cubic kilometres, which represents the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The death toll has been projected to be at least 71,000 people, of who over 15% were killed directly from the eruption1. The remaining 75% have been thought to succumb to starvation and disease, as the eruptive fallout decimated the agricultural industry in the region. Following the eruption, a volcanic winter ensued. As sun become less abundant due to clouds of ash, crops and livestock perished. Please note that all definitions appearing in the footnotes are either taken from already referenced so...
The earliest outcropping volcanic deposits date back to about 25,000 years ago. The lavas observed at a -1125 m bore-hole are about 0,3-0,5 million years old. It is known for the first eruption of which an eyewitness account is preserved, in 79 AD. Geologically, Vesuvio is unique for its unusual versatility. Its activity ranging from Hawaiian-style release of liquid lava, fountaining and lava lakes, over Strombolian and Vulcanian activity to violently explosive, plinian events that produce pyroclastic flows and surges.