A) Japan differs from Germany in the way it formulates tax policies, this is partly due to their structural setup. Japan is a more pluralist nation while Germany has a mixture system that has bits of pluralist and proportional elements (Budget Processes and Commitment to Fiscal Discipline, 2015). Because these countries are set up differently, their tax policy formation process differs in certain ways. The first key difference is noted in chapter 6 of “Comparing Public Policies”, where Germany is considered to have a budget and tax formulation process that is more centralized than Japan’s pluralist system. In addition to this, the second key difference is how the two countries specifically go about creating tax policies. In Japan, tax policy …show more content…
This difference is important because the two countries spread their taxes out differently which can help explain certain aspects of the country such as why they have some of the policies they have and how the country operates as a whole. Like most countries, Japan’s income tax rates vary by income. The personal income tax in Japan has 6 brackets ranging from 5% to 40% (Comparing Public Policies, 2011. Ch. 6). Japan has a system of withholding taxes, meaning each month employers withhold part of a citizen’s individual income tax. At the end of a year, Japanese citizens will receive a refund if their employer has taken more than mandatory. In Germany, the income tax also varies by income, but the biggest difference in this area between Germany and Japan is that while Japan’s income tax rate starts at 5%, Germany’s starts at 15% (Fraai, Dorine. 2015). These differences of tax breakdown are significant because each country has a unique structure and therefore relies on different forms of tax revenue to sustain its economy. Corporate tax rates are a hotly debated topic in Japan. Japan boasts the world’s third largest economy, leaving many to argue that in order to maintain this position, corporate tax rates should be slashed. The basic corporate income tax rate is an astounding 30%. Small businesses get a small reduction in their tax rates, paying only 22% on the first eight …show more content…
In Germany, the structure of their political system and the structure of their society is very centralized. Because of this centralization, most every policy Germany churns out is centralized as well. For example, their tax policy and budget formulation process is centralized because the government that creates these policies is also centralized. This structural setup differs from Japan where they have a more pluralist system, therefore their tax policies tend to contain a more diverse setup. As previously stated, Japan has a low VAT tax. In contrast to Germany, Japan has a low VAT tax due to public opposition. When Japan introduced the VAT tax it was well received by businesses but no so much from the citizens; this mirrors Japan’s pluralist
In 1900 Britain was in many respects the world’s leading nation, enjoying a large share of world trade, a dominant position in the international money market, and possessing a far flung empire supported by the world’s most powerful navy. Japan was a complete contrast, sharing with Britain only the fact that it too was a nation of Islands lying off the shore of a major continent. Until the 1860s it had possessed a social and economic structure more akin to that of feudal, rather than twentieth century, Europe. By the 1990s, the positions were almost reversed. This paper sets out to examine the contrasting democratic political systems of the two nations and to explore the social and democratic consequences of the changes that have occurred.
Lee, Y., & Gordon, R. H. (2005). Tax structure and economic growth. Journal of Public Economics, 89(5-6), 1027-1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.07.002
This paper will take a close look at the concepts of the "flat tax," and look at the possible benefits and potential failings. Although there is a basic format to the flat tax, there are multiple flat tax proposals that have been offered by conservatives. Along with critiquing the basic format of the flat tax, this paper will compare an...
Did you know that Japan has one of the world’s best educated populations? In this essay I will be speaking about the cross culture differences between two countries, mainly educational differences. The two fascinating, but immensely different countries that I will be speaking about is Japan and Italy. Japan’s culture grabbed my attention because knowing how strict and smart people are from there and how they take education serious really interested me. With the Italian culture their family unity is very close knit, and in Italy their arts, religion, and food is extremely important. Although Japan and Italy have differences they both still have a set of educational practices so that students can achieve a good quality of learning.
Taxation has always been a major controversy. Just like any major corporation, the government is constantly looking to raise revenue. The easiest and fairest way to do this is by taxing the people. However, how the people will be taxed is always an issue.
European feudalism was based on contract and Japanese feudalism was based on personal relationship with the lord and vassal. This helps prove that the differences between European and Japanese feudalism made limited government more likely to develop in the West because a contract limits what the lords and vassals could do. William, the king of English, said, “I command you [the vassal] to summon all those who are under your charge......and bring ready with you those five knights that you owe me[.]”1 This helps prove that European feudalism was based on contract because when you owe someone something, it implies an agreement. The key terms are I command you and owe. The vassal has to send troops because he has to. He is under the rule of his lord. The lord tells his vassal that “[H]e will perform everything [that] was in [their] agreement [because] [he] submitted himself to him and chose his will.”2 This helps prove that European feudalism was based on a contract because a contract implies an agreement. The vassal chose the lord himself, so therefore, the vassal is under the lord's rule and needs to follow the agreement. On Japan's view of feudalism, their feudalism wasn't based on contract. On page 122 and 124 of The Tale of Heike, it implies personal relationships with the lord and vassal. “Despite his predicament, [the lord] still thought of [his vassal].”3 When the lord dies, the vassal kills himself saying, “For whom do I have to fight now?”4 This helps prove that Japanese feudalism was based on a personal relationship with lord and vassal because the lord and vassal actually cared for each other. Even through major problems, the lord and vassal's actions showed how close their relationship was with each other. Also on page 5...
Tax reform has undergone much debate in the political stratosphere recently. The tax system has been stigmatized because of a multitude of reasons that include corruption. Additionally, tax reform is a very complex issue. In addition, there has been an abundance of negotiations in Congress to pass some type of tax reform. Despite these talks, actual action has remained stagnant. This topic clearly reflects the collective action principle and the policy principle due to failed tax reform negotiations and the outcomes of various legislation.
Hawaii is much nicer and better than Japan but… everything else is worse than Japan. It becomes more exhausting, they make us work for 10 hours without stopping until break and I feel like my life flashed before my eyes, there are bad houses that are lonely and quiet. I miss you and the family. Over here in Hawaii they give us weird food that I have never tried before, I really miss japanese food though. I wanted to come to Hawaii to help our family with needs and pay for rent and make sure things are going just the way we planned to grow a business there and get a lot of money but, it sure will be hard to get enough money to come back and still have money to help you out.
Japan has a constitutional democracy and has a bicameral government. The emperor is only the symbol of the state and unity of the people but The Diet is "the highest organ of state power", known as the core of Japan's system and is over the executive power (Web Japan 1-2). Japan is one of the most highly developed nations, manufa...
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the layout of taxation. I will differentiate the types of taxes and the roles that they serve currently. Subsequently, I will explain what equity, efficiency, effectiveness and transparency (EEET) are and show how they apply to taxation as a whole. Lastly, I will conclude how the EEET applies to the four tax types.
The Japanese culture has allowed for very little diversity. This started very early in their history. The social controls used to eliminate diversity are the family, the power of gender, the poor treatment of minority groups, the corporate Japanese mentality, and the respect required by people in authority. However, due to globalization and the shrinking of the world, Japanese society is starting to make the change to diversity. The individualistic mentality shared by the new technology driven younger generation is putting pressure on the old Japanese status quo. The transformation is happening very slow, but as the population ages and the old conservatives are being replaced by the new liberals, the old way of thinking is also being replaced by the new.
Perhaps more than any other nation in the world, Japan is shaped by its geography to a tremendous extent. Technically classified as an archipelago, Japan is a curved chain of four islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, plus over a thousand smaller islands). However, it is first and foremost an island nation, a fact which isolated Japan from the rest of the world. The second largest influence in Japanese geography is the size of the nation. The total area of Japan proper is a little under 143 thousand square miles; the contiguous United States spreads across just over 3 million. To say that
Entin, Stephen. J. (2004). Tax Incidence, Tax Burden, and Tax Shifting: Who really pays the tax? Retrieved January 24, 2008 from http://www.heritage.org/research/taxes/cda04-12.cfm
I chose to compare and contrast the United States culture with the culture in Japan. There are a few similarities between the two, such as a love of the arts, fashion and baseball. However they are more culturally different than similar in very major aspects.
The government use of taxes plays a crucial role in today’s economy as well as personal finances, it has and will continue to leave its mark on the world we live in.