Sustainability
To evaluate the sustainability of an artefact such as the James Watt’s Micrometer a number of conditions should ideally be observed. As part of the research procedure, our group identified the following conditions:
• Component materials
• Product limitations and life expectancy
• Effects on the environment
• Effects on the economy
The remainder of this section shall outline our findings
Component materials
The James Watt’s micrometer is solely made of two metal alloys, namely brass and steel. These two alloys are well suited for the construction of this type of tool during its age of creation. Brass and steel were easily sourced within the UK during the industrial revolution, with major brass works in Swansea, and large steel works Sheffield. Having nationally sourced materials, will have certainly made the alloys a cost effective choice for building the micrometer. Both alloys are suitable for tooling, machining and shaping, as well as possessing excellent strength and durability properties. Other materials available at the time, such as tin and iron would have probably not been favourable due to the fact they are either hard to accurately shape or just do not possess the strength properties of the chosen materials.
It should also be noted, that brass and steel have great recycling benefits. Understandably, this may not have been a deciding factor for choice of materials during the industrial revolution. None the less both alloys can be heated to the point they can be returned to a molten state and reformed into raw construction billets ready for future use.
Product limitations and life expectancy
Our chosen artefact may have some limitation such as the tool is not multipurpose for example it can only be used to measure objects; it can only measure objects that will fit within the “U” shaped jaws or measuring area. Apart from these limitations the micrometer is a tool that definitely suits its purpose. This leads us to believe it may have been used well after newer designs such as the Whitworth micrometer came to market. For instance, lets say you have a tool that is used everyday, and this tool is in perfect working order. Just because a newer version of that same tool comes onto the market your everyday tool does not become obsolete. There are many factors that come into account when choosing a newer tool; even if you happen to purchase the newer version does not necessarily mean that older version gets discarded.
As the micrometer is still on display at the Science Museum in 2013; in what seems to be an amazing condition for a 240 plus year old artefact, stands testament to James Watt’s ingenious choice of materials.
Within 50 years Elihu Thomson, one of America's most prolific inventors, was granted 696 U.S. patents on inventions anywhere from arc lights, generators, electric welding machines, to x-ray tubes. But out of all of his inventions, it was the recording wattmeter, an instrument used to measure the amount of electricity used by a home or business, that brought fame and opportunity.(RCA Online 1)
Nucor is the world’s largest recycler, recycling over 10 million tons of scrap steel annually. Nucor descended from auto manufacturer Ransom E. Olds, who founded Oldsmobile. The company evolved into the Nuclear Corporation of America, which was involved in the nuclear instrument and electronics business in the 50’s and early 60’s. Over the next five years, Valley Sheet Metal, Vulcraft Corporation and U.S. Semi-conductor Products joined the Nuclear Corporation. After suffering several money-losing years, in 1964 F. Kenneth Iverson was installed as president. Management then decided to integrate backwards into steel making, and in 1972 they adopted the name Nucor. Since then Nucor has established itself as a leader in the steel industry through efficiency and innovation. It now employs more than 7,000 people worldwide and has experienced tremendous growth under its new CEO Daniel R. DiMicco. SWOT Analysis Strengths • Low Cost Producer • Employee/Managerial Relations Leading Innovator • Low Debt Load • Overall industry leader Weaknesses Dependency on scrap metal
In doing so, their strong focus enabled the company to create significant innovations. Continuing on, Philips also became a leader in industrial research by creating physics and chemistry labs to address both production and scientific problems. The labs developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that brought great commercial success. Philips simple structure and significant innovations gave them the financial support they needed to compete in a time period where competitors were seeking major growth.
Today John Deere is recognized as the world’s leading manufacture of agriculture implements (Dalhstrom 3). But back in the late 1830’s John Deere created something that would make today’s people turn their heads. More than a century after his death, the legend of the company’s established founder and is more widely recognized than ever (Dalhstrom 3).
The Armillary sphere is observed as a scientific interest today. These machines can be utilize for some plain astronomical calculations. Many examples can be seen on display in scientific museums which gather old instruments. Some people gather vintage spheres because they see them visually exciting. Armillary spheres are usually works of art in addition to working example; they can differ broadly in size from desktop versions for devices which fill large rooms
The microscope which is invented and developed by much different scientist overtime is one of the most important tools a scientist especially in the biology and chemistry study can use. It made an impact in how we view life and learn more about the nature of diseases that had plague mankind for years. The microscope is mainly a tool biologist use but it has many uses for those studying chemistry.
The microscope and the general study of microbiology has helped shaped society and and has created many advances in the field of science. Through all history, the microscope evolved into a modern form, and still is the recipient of many upgrades and enhancements. One of the main beneficiaries of the works of the microscope is the medical field, with a closer look on microbiology, scientists are now able to predict viruses, prevent them, and even cure them. The microscope also provides insight into the lives of bacteria, how it forms, how it thrives, and provides us with a deeper understanding on how life came to be. The study and tool is also used to keep Earth as close to perfect as we found it, with many ecologists are working towards a clean green Earth. Overall, the microscope has been used all over the world to create deeper awareness of society and even life itself.
The purpose for completing this lab was to observe how microscopes function. The invention & evolution of the microscope has been an ongoing process since the Middle Ages, when the first convex magnifying lenses were introduced. In 1590, the Jansen Brothers invented the first compound microscope (two or more lenses).However, Antony van Leevenwenhoek created the first “true” microscope, in 1665, with 300x magnification & unbelievable resolution. During the late 1700’s, the microscope was reinvented with 1500x magnification. The most recent advancement in microscopes is the electron microscope, which was invented in 1930. This particular model uses an electron beam, instead of light & 4,000,000x magnifications with incredible resolution.
Many people believe that we should not recycle anymore, but this is not the case. We, the people of the world, need to continue to recycle because we do not want our children to grow up in a world where there are no certain species of animals due to recycling failures. We also do not want our children to grow up thinking that it is okay that they throw their garbage on the ground, and not have to pick it up. We need to teach our children that they need to take care of the earth that they are living on, because they only get one. Recycling is one of the most beneficial environmental issues that we have here on this earth. Recycling saves energy, limits pollution and supports several environmental factors of the economy. “In 2003, the savings from recycling 54 billion aluminum cans exceeded the energy equivalent of 15 million barrels of crude oil- or the amount of gas the U.S. uses in one day,” according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA estimates that 200 million gallons of used oil are not disposed of properly, and if we were to dispose the oil properly then we could keep the oil from polluting the ground and the fresh water source. According to E. Takatori, “… While on-going societal regulation treats material recycling as the dominant cycle, the properties of recycled plastic remain the most port
Part 1 of the experiment, the professor gave the details of the parts of the microscope and its uses very well; hence, we were able to perform part 2 of the experiment without hesitations.
To start with, tinplate mainly means tin cans that are made from sheet steel and covered with a layer of anticorrosive tin. All packaging bearing the sheet steel recycling logo can be recycled: tin cans, jar lids, for example, jam, honey, gherkin and pickled onion lids, tobacco, cigar or cigarette tins as well as crayon tins. Steel that is collected, sorted and reprocessed then provides the means to produce new consumer goods such as frying pans and sheet metal for cars. The amount of energy needed to recycle and reprocess steel is 60% less than is used to produce new steel. Atmospheric pollution is also minimized by 30%. (www.lesrecycleurs.ch)
Most microscopes consist of twelve parts; the eyepiece lens, the tube, the arm, the base, the illuminator, the mirror, the stage, the turret, the objective lenses, the rack stop, the condenser lens and the iris. Every part of a microscope has a very important responsibility in order for people to see smaller things clearly. For example the eyepiece lens is what you look through to observe. An illuminator is a one hundred and ten volt light source that i...
There are many different types of alloys; some are so common that they carry on a life beyond their metal bases. For example, 65-90% of copper mixed with 10-35% of zinc create the well known alloy brass, which provides increased resistance to corrosion in things like instruments and
The telescope and the microscope both made of glass, amplified to see the heavens and the smallest micro-organism has led civilization out of the dark ages and allowed mankind to understand the human body, diseases, the solar system, and many other important discoveries. The importance of each of these incredible instruments cannot be explained in mere words. This paper has only touched the tip of the contributions made to mankind by brave men who using their instruments, advancing astronomy and medicine to unbelievable levels. As Victor Hugo, in Book 3 Chap. 3 of Les Miserables states, "Where the telescope ends, the microscope begins. Which of the two has the grander view?”
This process saves energy, and conserves resources by reducing the amount of renewable resources that would normally end up in a landfill or in an incinerator. These recycling plants “increase jobs in manufacturing while simultaneously increasing the Unite State’s competitiveness in industry. ”(Recycling | Reduce, Reuse, Recycle | US EPA.) There are also several long term benefits of recycling. For example, “collecting and processing secondary materials, manufacturing recy... ...