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case management principles
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Managing case assignments allows for the offender to have the best opportunities for reintegration into the community as well as for the criminal justice system to successfully supervise the offender. There exist 4 different case assignment models that are used most frequently to provide the offender with his or her most basic needs and services.
The first caseload assignment model is the conventional model. The conventional model uses an unsystematic method to assign offenders to community supervision officers. This random assignment of offenders leaves the officer with a variety of different types of offenders. Hanser identifies this model the most frequently used model in the United States and calls for officers to have a general
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These programs may include detoxification of the addicted individual as well as a treatment program that lasts anywhere from 7-21 days (Hanser, 2010). The length of time of this jail diversion treatment program is often based on the cravings and inevitable withdrawal from the substance abuser’s addiction. An added mode of treatment or therapy for substance abusers is self-help groups. After release from the above programs, addicts have the opportunity (or are required) to attend 12-step programs that will aid in the recovery of substance abuse. It is very common for these individuals to be monitored for drug use during this treatment/therapy regimen so as not to undermine the program or the criminal justice system.
Psychotherapy is often best for a population such as sex offenders. Since no medication has yet been proven to be effective against a sex offender’s urges, cognitive behavioral therapy (as well as intense supervision) is the most effective modality of
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As offenders are diverted to community residential treatment centers, work release programs and study release centers, the system sees a decrease or stabilization of the jail population. While the alleviation of overcrowding is a benefit it is not the only purpose of diversion. A large majority of crimes are committed while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Studies have shown that more than half of all individuals arrested in the United States will test positive for illegal substances (NCVC, 2008). Efforts to reduce crime through incarceration usually fail because incarceration does not address the main problem, the offender’s substance abuse. Jail diversion programs such as community residential treatment centers can be short-term or long-term and are designed with 12-step programs that address the offender’s issues with drug and alcohol abuse in a real-world setting (Hanser,
The RNR model was established in 1990 in an article written and published by Andrews, Bonta and Hoge, this article outlined three principles that made up an effective form of offender rehabilitation (Andrews, Bonta, & Wormith, 2011). These theoretical principles stated in the article include: The Risk principle of which states the matching of an offender and their risk to the level of the program (high risk = high intensity); The need principle- this refers to targeting criminogenic needs to reduce the risk of recidivism; The responsivity principle- this states to matching the style of program techniques to the offender and their learning style/ability of which include general responsivity (cognitive social learning) and specific responsivity (Andrews, Bonta, & Wormith, 2011). By following these rules, it shows that programs that follow the RNR model match the intensity of the program with the risk level of the offenders whilst also delivering services
For this assignment we were required to read section two out of our textbook. Now this section was about pretrial diversion. From this section I understood that there were four different types of diversion programs. Within this paper I will be discussing a pretrial diversion program that I have found from another state plus including its specs. I will the talk about how it works and generally which type of diversion programs it falls within. Once I have completed that I will also use critical thinking and discuss the pretrial diversion program.
73). This model is designed to give convicts the control to decide if they serve on low end of the range of years or the high end of the range of years. The responsibility is on the inmate to take part in and complete the rehabilitation programs within the prison successfully, or spend a longer time in prison for failure to do so. One of issues with this sentencing model is that not all convicts want to change their behavior, and often end up serving most of, if not the entire sentence. This model leads to severe overcrowding, which affects the quality of life and the rehabilitation programs within the prison. “The core problems of an increasing prison population will result in administrative release compelled by overcrowding rather than an individualized and measured assessment” (Perrin, 2010). The mixing of violent and nonviolent offenders makes it difficult to distinguish who deserves to be released, and who should remain in
In recent years, there has been controversy over mass incarceration rates within the United States. In the past, the imprisonment of criminals was seen as the most efficient way to protect citizens. However, as time has gone on, crime rates have continued to increase exponentially. Because of this, many people have begun to propose alternatives that will effectively prevent criminals from merely repeating their illegal actions. Some contend that diversion programs, such as rehabilitation treatment for drug offenders, is a more practical solution than placing mentally unstable individuals into prison. By helping unsteady criminals regain their health, society would see an exceptional reduction in the amount of crimes committed. Although some
al., 2009). This has caused major argument in literature about the causes that motivate the rising trend of women being arrested for domestic violence (Hoymand, et. al., 2009). Many of the social theories explained this dynamic varying from a rise in the numbers of violent women to perpetrators controlling the criminal justice system (Hoymand et. al., 2009). System dynamics lets investigators clearly specify social mechanisms and test through simulation whether the mechanisms as imagined can explain the dynamic behavior (Hoymand et. al., 2009). “Thus simulation models and system dynamics have shown the potential to help policy makers understand complex dynamics in criminal justice case flows” (Hoyman et. al., 2009). Studies looking at the limit of dynamics for police searching for suspects, the study has been concerned with accepting the impact that case flows and resource limitations have on system capacity for preventing crime (Hoymand, et. al.,
...t of people who return back to a law breaking mentality after they get released from prison. When you release people instead use these alternatives versus confinement it is less of a waste of expensive resources, taxpayer’s money, as well as time. A medium between control and treatment needs to be met in all of the prisons, or jails. Some men or women need more strict conditions and supervision practices while others may just need more of the services that should be offered such as rehabilitation, and alcohol or drug prevention. Any of these options will not be easy nor diminish this overcrowding issue quickly. It will take time, patience, and cooperation with both the inmates or ex-offenders family, friends, courts as well as law enforcement and jails.
The first issue to be tackled for an offender is a drug referral if needed since other interventions and programs will not have much effect if the offender will not retain them due to drug use. These treatment facilities communicate with the probation officers. They keep them informed on the offender’s progress and/or issues the offender has. The lower risk offenders are eligible for treatment programs. (Loftus, lecture)
Dayak, Meena, and Gilbert Gonzales. “Out of jail and into treatment: stakeholders in a Texas county work to improve the lives of offenders with serious mental illness.” Behavioral Healthcare 26.8 (2006): 24+. Gale Power Search. Web. 2 Feb. 2014.
... offenders who were “worse off.” As a result, local criminal justice officials are encouraged to evaluate their current correctional situation in terms of organizational impetus (are key stakeholders behind the initiative?), political culture (will new programs be supported?), and prospective clientele (what type of offenders are being targeted?) to identify the most appropriate program or approach. A common approach being employed by law enforcement agencies around the country to address these questions and identify problems is the utilization of the SARA model. SARA involves:
There are several differences of case management within the community setting and in a correctional setting in the criminal justice system. Case management plays a huge role when helping an individual get out of the criminal justice system and not become repeat offenders. Case management will have to ensure that the process is altered for various special populations in both settings. This is to ensure that the best help is given to individuals to get him or her out of the criminal justice system. Sex offenders and juveniles are two examples of individuals that will need both community and correctional setting for case management. It is also important that while helping every individual their privacy is protected by case management.
It was this effort that identified the problem as failures of the judicial process. These failures included sluggish courts, increased levels of recidivism, and a significant loss of public trust (Ballenstedt, 2008). To solve the problem, the program takes a multifaceted approach to punishment in non-violent cases. Through the program, justices have more options available to them when sentencing such offenses as drug possession, prostitution, or even shoplifting. The concept combines social services with punishment in order to reduce reliance on expensive and ineffective short-term jail sentences for non-violent offenders and boost the community’s confidence in the system (Ballenstedt, 2008).
The “Tough on Crime” and “War on Drugs” policies of the 1970s – 1980s have caused an over populated prison system where incarceration is policy and assistance for prevention was placed on the back burner. As of 2005, a little fewer than 2,000 prisoners are being released every day. These individuals have not gone through treatment or been properly assisted in reentering society. This has caused individuals to reenter the prison system after only a year of being release and this problem will not go away, but will get worst if current thinking does not change. This change must be bigger than putting in place some under funded programs that do not provide support. As the current cost of incarceration is around $30,000 a year per inmate, change to the system/procedure must prevent recidivism and the current problem of over-crowed prisons.
In recent discussions of prison reform, a controversial issue has been whether diversion programs are more beneficial than not. On the one hand, some argue that diversion programs give convicted criminals a chance to hopefully better themselves and get back into society. On the other hand, however, others argue that these programs are allowing dangerous criminals back into the streets with no guarantee of them changing their behaviors. In sum, then, the issue is whether society and the government should allow these unguaranteed hopes to continue. While some believe that diversion programs may be a good substitute for prison, diversion programs are not an efficient substitute because they release potentially dangerous criminals and felons out onto the streets.
With the substantial increase in prison population and various changes that plague correctional institutions, government agencies are finding that what was once considered a difficult task to provide educational programs, inmate security and rehabilitation programs are now impossible to accomplish. From state to state each correctional organization is coupled with financial problems that have depleted the resources to assist in providing the quality of care in which the judicial system demands from these state and federal prisons. Judges, victims, and prosecuting attorneys entrust that once an offender is turned over to the correctional system, that the offender will receive the punishment in which was imposed by the court, be given services that aid in the rehabilitation to those offenders that one day will be released back into society, and to act as a deterrent to other criminals contemplating criminal acts that could result in their incarceration. Has our nations correctional system finally reached it’s critical collapse, and as a result placed or American citizens in harm’s way to what could result in a plethora of early releases of inmates to reduce the large prison populations in which independent facilities are no longer able to manage? Could these problems ultimately result in a drastic increase in person and property crimes in which even our own law enforcement be ineffective in controlling these colossal increases of crime against society?
This model of corrections main purpose was to reintroducing the offenders in to the community. This Program was invented to help offenders in the transition from jail to the community, aid in the processes of finding jobs and stay connected to their families and the community. The needs of these individuals are difficult: the frequency of substance abuse, mental illness, unemployment, and homelessness is elevated among the jail population.