IUDs, intrauterine devices, were developed at the beginning of the 20th century as an alternative to ‘interuterine devices’, which frequently caused pelvic inflammatory disease. Intrauterine devices are T shaped devices containing either copper or levonorgestrel and used as a form of long-acting reversible contraception. Pelvic inflammatory disease is a community-acquired infection of the female reproductive organs caused by a sexually transmitted disease, most commonly Neisseria gonorrhoaea and Chlamydia trachomatis. PID can involve the uterus fallopian tubes, ovaries, or all of these structures. Sequelae of PID include recurrent episodes of PID, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and a possible association with ovarian cancer. Although the same basic risk of pelvic inflammatory disease is still present with both copper and hormonal IUDs, it is infrequent, and typically absent after a month. There is scarce evidence that the two are directly related outside of patients who have a preexisting STI, yet the perception of the risk greatly hinders the their social reception worldwide. Despite their apparent benefits, there has been a sharp decline since 1975 in IUD use, from 9% to less than 2% of women in the US. IUDs are relatively safe and convenient; other than surgery, they are one of the most consistently effective forms of preventing birth. Copper IUDs can be used for emergency birth control after unprotected sex, and both copper and hormonal IUDs do not interfere with breastfeeding and are safe to use immediately after an abortion. The research question is twofold: what are the comparative benefits of using IUDs, and what is the validity of the reasons preventing their widespread use? The importance of this re...
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...ment Algorithms for Selection of Intrauterine Device Candidate Charles S. Morrison,* Christine Sekadde-Kigondu,† William C. Miller,‡ Debra H. Weiner,* and Samuel K. Sinei† Contraception 1999;59:97–106
9) Effects of Age, Parity, and Device Type on Complications and Discontinuation of Intrauterine Devices Joelle Aoun, MD, Virginia A. Dines, BS, Dale W. Stovall, MD, Mihriye Mete, PhD, Casey B. Nelson, BA, and Veronica Gomez-Lobo, MD VOL. 123, NO. 3, MARCH 2014 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY 585-591
10) Expanding access to intrauterine contraception. Allen RH1, Goldberg AB, Grimes DA. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Nov;201(5):456.e1-5
11) Adolescent and young adult women's knowledge of and attitudes toward the intrauterine device.Whitaker AK, Johnson LM, Harwood B, Chiappetta L, Creinin MD, Gold MA. 2008 Sep;78(3):211-7. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.119. Epub 2008 Jul 3.
The Bishop score is a pelvic scoring system developed to make it easier to determine whether a multiparous woman was a suitable candidate for induction of pregnancy. Although the information in the Bishop score was known by many obstetricians for many years, Edward H. bishop is credited because he pulled the pieces together and formed an organized system accompanied by research and statistics to back up his findings. His paper is called the “Pelvic Scoring for Elective Induction”. In this paper, Bishop describes basic minimal requirements that must be met before any patient can be considered for elective induction of labor (1964).
In today’s practice there are several options to consider for contraception. Multiple different birth control pills, intrauterine devices, vaginal rings, implants, and injections are viable options. The development of the first oral contraceptive A male non-hormonal contraceptive polymer is in the process of gaining approval which will empower men to have equal say and responsibility in preventing pregnancies outside of the use of prophylactics. The impact of Margaret Sanger’s activism is reflected outside of birth control measures in today’s medical practice. Sexually transmitted diseases and infections have been a serious problem for a significant amount of time. However, the efforts of Margaret Sanger along with others has impacted how society approaches sexual education and testing. Programs such as Planned Parenthood and the general acceptance of birth control measures have changed the nursing process greatly and in general, the way we live
Samuel A. Pasquale, M.D., and Jennifer Cadoff, The Birth Control Book: A Complete Guide to Your Contraceptive Options, New York: Ballantine Books, 1996
Is it time to bring OCs over the counter?. (2010). Contraceptive Technology Update, 31(7), 77-
The Russell-Uflad Company developed the RU-486 pill in France in 1980. The women of France greatly hailed the development of this pill. It was said to be safer, easier, and more private since the pill can be taken at home, or in a doctor's office instead of a hospital. The pill has proven to be very effective and has found its way to the United States, but is only tentatively approved. Why should it not be approved if it could be an easier, more private way to have an abortion? Over half a million women in France have used the RU-486 pill and there have been very few cases reported with serious side effects. (Banwell 82) The side effects have only occurred in 4 percent of the women who have already used the pill. The side effects have been so minor that most of the women did not need medical attention.
3. Main Point C: and then finally, talk about its effectiveness and who can consider the use of this type of emergency contraception as an alternative.
With all the work put into finding ways to prevent pregnancy and help the pain of menstrual cycles, it is a shame to see it denied to women working for big companies. The amount of girls and women who use any type of birth control is very high and continues to stay this way because of the benefits and the percentage of birth control working for these women. Taking away working women’s access to affordable birth control is unacceptable and I hope that one day soon all women will have access to affordable birth
Norman, G. D., & Steyn, P. S. (2013). The Intrauterine Device in Women with Diabetes Mellitus Type I and II: A systematic Review. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 1-11. Retrieved January 21, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24396605
ProQuest Staff. "At Issue: Birth Control Availability." ProQuest LLC. 2013: n.pag. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 15 Nov 2013.
Mastroianni, Luigi, Jr., Peter J. Donaldson, and Thomas T. Kane. "Development of Contraceptives - Obstacles and Opportunities — NEJM." New England Journal of Medicine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 15 Feb. 1990. Web. 10 May 2014.
The claims for long-acting, reversible contraceptives had a relative reduction rate of 35.5 percent and injectable contraceptives had a reduction rate of 31.1 percent (Stevenson, Flores-Vazquez, Allgeyer, Schenkkan, & Potter, 2016, p.853). The number of clients who returned for subsequent on-time contraceptive injections declined, as well. The scholars also determined that counties with Planned Parenthood affiliates had a relative increase of 27.1 percent, from the baseline, of the rate of childbirth covered by Medicaid. In response to the increase of Medicaid childbirths covered, the scholars concluded with
There are quite a few different types of birth control choices for females, but an IUD is one of the most used currently as it doesn’t involve remembering to take a pill every day, switching out patches, or any of the additional things that they have floating around. There are a couple different types of IUD’s, one that releases hormones which is called the Mirena or Skyla, and there is a non hormonal which contains a small amount of copper which is called the ParaGard. Each of these IUD’s has their different side effects, benefits, and all the different risks that any birth control comes along with.
For thousands of years, people have used various birth control methods to limit the number of children in their families. Birth control encompasses a wide range of devices along with rational and irrational methods that have been used in an attempt to prevent pregnancy. It has been and remains controversial. Today, birth control is an essential part of life. In fact, 99% American women of childbearing age report using some form of contraception at one time or another (NIBH). In his book, The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution, author Jonathan Eig writes "For as long as men and women have been making babies, they 've been trying not to” (Gibson). He reports that early contraceptive options offered
Information about contraception will be important in adolescent acceptance and use of contraception at first intercourse. It has been shown that adolescent who are not sexually active tend to know less about contracepti...
We have all heard sad stories of unwanted teenage pregnancies. There are the girls who drop out of school to care for babies they did not really want, having to work to support their unexpected new "families." There are the guys who marry before they are ready and perhaps to wives they would not otherwise have married-so often these marriages end in divorce. Most tragic of all, though, are the children who grow up knowing that they were not wanted in the first place, knowing that they were more a burden to their parents than a joy even before they were born. Clearly, we as a society need to get a grip on this problem of teenage pregnancy, and the obvious solution is to encourage teens to be responsible and practice birth control. But we face so many choices in deciding which type of birth control to use. Condoms? IUDs? Diaphragms? DepoProvera injections? "The Pill"? Abortion? Abstinence? Which method of birth control is the most practical and the most likely to provide a legitimate solution to the problem of teenage pregnancy?