Isolation and Characterization of SDS-degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University
Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract:
Surfactants are synthetic organic chemicals that are formulated to have cleansing or solubilisation properties. With the development of the industrial economy and increase in population density, surfactants have become one of the most widely disseminated xenobiotics to enter the aquatic environment, creating a serious environmental problem. Their toxicities to organisms have been demonstrated previously. The main objective of this study was to isolate and characterize local bacteria with the potential to degrade Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), a widely used anionic surfactant. Screening was carried out by the conventional enrichment culture technique and the isolate was tentatively identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. using BiologTM GN plates and partial 16S rDNA phylogeny. The optimal growth conditions in minimal medium and for degradation of SDS by Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. were at 30°C and at pH 6.5 using phosphate buffer system. Sodium nitrate; at 8.0gL-1 was found to be the best nitrogen source. The isolated strain exhibited optimum growth at SDS concentration of 1gL-1 but can tolerate up to 14gL-1 SDS, indicating that this isolate was able to survive in a relatively high concentration of SDS. 100% of 1.0gL-1 SDS was completely degraded after 5 and 2 days of incubation before and after optimization respectively.
Keywords: SDS, biodegradation, MBAS assay, Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Anionic surfactants are groups of xenobiotic compounds that contain either sulfonated or e...
... middle of paper ...
...source of carbon by this isolate were studied using before and after optimization conditions as shown in figures 10(a) and figure 10(b) respectively. Complete degradation of 1g/L SDS before optimization took almost 5 days compared to the degradation under optimized conditions where degradation was completed after 2 days of incubation using minimal medium. The SDS content remains unchanged in uninoculated control (abiotic control) showing there are no elimination of SDS occurring. Degradation of 3g/L SDS using consortium of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pantoea agglomerans studied by Abboud et al., (2007) was completed after 5 days of incubation in NB medium supplemented with SDS. However, in their work only 10% of 3g/L was successfully degraded after 6 days in minimal medium due to the limited supplementation compared to the NB medium (Abboud et al., 2007).
(a)
Streak plate technique was used to isolate pure culture for each bacteria (2). The Gram stain was used to determine Gram reaction and morphology of each bacteria (2) Selective and differential media such as, salt agar, MacConkey agar and blood agar were used for bacterial identification (2). Gelatin deeps were inoculated to detect production of gelatinase (2). Starch Agar plate were inoculated to detect amylase (2). Ocular reticle used to determine bacteria size (2). Motility deeps were inoculated to detect motility on bacteria (2). Thioglycollate broth used to determine oxygen requirements (2). Carbohydrate fermentation
Escherichia coli is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a bacterium with a cell wall that has many components. Escherichia coli can live without oxygen which means that it is a facultative anaerobe. It is also capable of fermenting lactose under anaerobic conditions, and in the absence of alternative electron acceptors. There are effects and various factors that limit its growth rate. Its morphology consists of a rod-shaped gram negative bacteria that is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation, human intestines, as well as the intestines of animals. Its presence can be good or bad.
Eastfield College Microbiology Laboratory Manual, 1st edition, Oliver, T. D. (Book Must Be Purchased New from Eastfield Bookstore and Cannot Be Sold Back to Bookstore at the End of the Semester), Kendall Hunt Publishing, 2013, Dubuque, IA. ISBN 9781465223784.
...id, acetic acid, formic acid, H₂ and CO₂ as fermentation products which increases ecological, industrial and basic bioenergetics interests in this particularly thermophilic bacterial specie.
...nvironmental Microbiology. New York: A John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1992. pp. 125?156. Accessed December 2, 2013.
In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.
The Evolution of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria. Since antibiotics, such as penicillin, became widely available in the 1940s, they have been called miracle drugs. They have been able to eliminate bacteria without significantly harming the other cells of the host. Now with each passing year, bacteria that are immune to antibiotics have become more and more common.
There are several types of treatment methods present but biological treatment methods have gained much traction in the recent years due to their low operation costs, comparatively benign effects on the environment and their ease of handling and maintenance. Biological wastewater treatment methods can be subcategorized into dispersed growth systems and attached growth systems. Biofilms fall under the latter category (Sehar & Naz, 2016)
Environmental pollution produces bacteria which results as diseases and disorders in humans, animals, agricultural plantations. The process of pollution occurs when toxins are released into the ground water from landfill sites, this pollution stays in the environment for hundreds of years, while they break dow...
1999, 71, 181-215. Minear, R., Amy, G.. Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter: History and Overview. ACS Symposium Series -. 1996, 649, 1-9. Richardson, S. Water Analysis: Emerging Containments and Current Issues. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003, 75, 2831-2857.
A biofilm is a layer consisting of various combinations of many different organisms, autotrophic and heterotrophic. They are dense, organized communities of cells, encased in a self-produced slime. The bacteria grow together in water like atmospheres, attaching to a solid surface, forming a small ecosystem. Biofilms are known as a micro-environment, a micro-habitat, or a slime matrix. They help decompose dead organisms and recycle carbon and nutrients.
Composting process as a means of bioremediating the harmful waste can be assessed in terms of its hygienic aspect since the effect of its quality is indicative of its essentiality and feasibility in the environment. Hygienic relevance of composting is primarily related to the microbes functioning as composters, the dust aerosols in the ambient air of the compost pile, and the type, concentration and state of the waste to be degraded. In terms of its hygienic feature, the compost may pose threat to human health as it generates immune response in living systems possibly triggered by leftover microbes, dust and target compounds to be treated in the compost matter. Although many of the toxins and pathogens are diminished to a great number, the presence of pathogens in the compost might be able to contaminate the food chain as plants get into contact with it. Composting is an acknowledged pathogen reducing technique, but certainly not an eradication system. Also the management of the process and heterogeneous pile conditions in compost may pose particular challenge concerning the biosafety of this process. Composting has been successfully adopted but enough biological research is lacking on the biosecurity of this process. Accordingly regarding the microbial profile of the compost, the experimental studies and characterization of microbes with respect to hygienic relevance by various scientists are discussed and reviewed as under.
The duration of the experiment should be increased as the thermal death times of B. subtilis at 60, 70 and 80°C were unable to be determined within 110 minutes. The duration can be increased to 180 minutes so as to better investigate its thermal death times. If the presence of bacterial growth was still observed after 180 minutes of exposure, it can be assumed that B. subtilis is able to survive well in that temperature. An exposure time of one day can be carried out to confirm this assumption.
There are many pathways available by which pharmaceutical waste can find its way into our river, lakes, and groundwater. It has also become a growing concern because it harms the environment as a whole along with its various ecosystems. However, researchers have tried to find methods that can be implemented to eliminate this growing issue, and more tests have been done through the years to ensure a positive result in the water quality. Many scientists and researchers have been testing samples of water in rivers, surface water and wastewater plants all across the world to ensure that the pharmaceutical waste present in the water does not rise to a level at which it becomes extremely hazardous to the aquatic environment, agricultural livestock and ourselves.
...-KLGA three different kind of methods have been used by researchers, In first method which is known as Single-strain processes, strains which belong to genera Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, Ketogulonicigenium, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, and Corynebacterium have been used. (Urbance et al., 2001[11]; Sugisawa et al., 1990[12]; Sonoyamaet al., 1982[13]; Isono et al., 1968[14]). , In the second method mixture of cultures have been used by different researchers (Xu et al., 2004[15]; Nogami et al., 1987[16]), In this method they have used two stage fermentation process in which d-glucose is oxidized to 2,5-diketod-gluconate by Erwinia or Acetobacter strains in the first step while in second step 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate is converted in to 2-KLGA by a strain Corynebacterium. Sonoyama et al. (1982)[17] and in the third method genetically engineered strain have been used[10].