Abstract: Ladakh is a high-elevation cold desert, which makes it an extraordinary extreme environment. It provides a suitable habitat some wildly adapted microbes. Due to the high elevation a person can experience freezing cold temperatures and the burning nuisance of the sun all the same time. There is an abundance of cold adapted microbes in Ladakh, some which are thought to have application as inoculants and biocontrol agents in crops not only growing at low temperatures but at high elevation as well. The remote mountains of Ladakh that are situated in the rain shadow of the Great Himalayas provide a harsh environment that includes, strong winds, high UV radiation, diurnal temperature fluctuations and sparse vegetation. These conditions favor the extensive development of biological soil crusts as well as increase the importance of the cyanobacterial community. Aside from extremely cold temperature and high elevation, there is also an abundance of hot springs in Ladakh. These hot springs provide an incredible opportunity for scientists to examine microbial diversity not only at high temperatures but at high elevation as well. Ladakh is found in the northeast of India in the Indus valley basin. It is an administrtive …show more content…
The sites were the South West region of the Tibetan Plateau and the Eastern Karakoram. Between both sites the phylogenetic diversity and composition of morphotypes was similar. The harsh environment of these Ladakh dry mountains contribute to the extensive development of biological soil crusts. These biological soil crusts carry out very important processes in the development of soil, plant colonization, and biogeochemical cycling in extreme environmental areas. The study of these results were similar to those found in the previous study which determined phylogenetic diversity of soil
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Rastogi, G. and Sani, R.K. (2011) 'Chapter 2 :Molecular Techniques to Assess Microbial Community Structure, Function, and Dynamics in the Environment', in Ahmad, I., Ahmad, F. and Pichtel, J. (ed.)Microbes and Microbial Technology. California, USA: Springer Science, pp. 29-57.
Tibet is located on the highest plateau (about 472,000-sq mi.) in the world at a height of 12,000 feet, in the Himalayas. India borders the country, south and west, Nepal and Bhutan, south, and China, north and east.
Smith, A.M., Coupland, G., Dolan, L., Harberd, N., Jones, J., Martin, C., Sablowski, R. and Amey, A., 2010. Plant biology. New York: Garland Science; Taylor & Francis distributor.
by the Helmand River. Down in Helmand Valley barley, corn, fruits and wheat are grown.
In 1999, Arvind Mill Company was in troubled waters owing to the strategic decision to undertake a massive expansion of its denim production capacity taken in 1998. The fund for huge expansion plan was arranged in form of loans from Indian as well as overseas financial institutions. Subsequently the company had to face a lot of problem in repaying the loans, increase in the burden of interests, financial problems due to huge losses and surging debt burden. Sanjay Lalbhai, CMD of the company was exposed to surmounting pressure from shareholders and lenders alike with the expectation to reinvent the brilliance in performance which has been hallmark of the company
Most of these species have contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and other various surrounding mountain ridges. The simple morphology, differentiated structures and enzymes are still active at such low temperatures. Reduced life cycles shown by the fungi make them particularly suited to harsh environments. Some of the fungi are also apparently widespread to Antarctica. Endemic Antarctic fungi have evolved to respond to the double challenge of extreme cold while growing on muck, and the need to survive passage through the gut of warm-blooded animals.
In short, it is a case of the plaintiff that the defendant is his close friend. The plaintiff and defendant used to work for the sugar factory. The defendant is a labour contractor and provides labours for sugar cutting. The defendant contacted the plaintiff and gave assurance him that he will supply labours for sugar cutting and demanded Rs.2,50,000/-. The plaintiff initially avoided the defendant, but considering the close friendly relations, he agreed to pay Rs.2,50,000/- to the defendant. Accordingly, the plaintiff has paid Rs.2,50,000/- to the defendant in two installments. Thereafter, on 19/11/2007 the defendant has executed one agreement in favour of the plaintiff. In the said agreement, the defendant has clearly mentioned that he
The Lahaul and Spiti region is also known as “A Little Tibet", as it has a similar terrain, vegetation, climate, topography and culture like that of Tibet. The local people pronounce the word Spiti as Piti which means, the middle country, and the valley also lies between Tibet, Ladakh, Kinnaur, Lahaul and Kullu in the Great Himalayan region.
Nepal is one of the landlocked country, which has three side border with India, and one side with China. India has deep security concern in regard of china throughout the history, and it put higher importance in Nepalese politics, as well as foreign policy. As an underdeveloped country, Nepal has been facing different challenges, such as economic, political, and social. Because of political instability, Nepalese foreign policy has been failed to establish a strong relationship with neighboring countries, especially with India. In addition, Nepal has greater ties with India because of cultural similarity, and open borders. Nepal has been tested
The world today is faced with a huge problem; the problem of disappearing forests and associated habitats. While global warming is on the rise due to higher levels of greenhouse gases being emitted all the time from large-scale industrialization and to accommodate the never-ending expansion of the world population, the depletion of the CO2 absorbers, trees and plants, is also to blame. Hundreds of species of animals and plants are going extinct, while many are being recorded down in the list of endangered/protected species every year. Sundarbans is one of the biggest examples of human exploitation on forests and its flora and fauna in the world. This amazingly diverse and resource-rich ecoregion was declared a reserved forest
First lets look at the general physical aspects of the entire nation of Nepal and then narrow it down to the characteristics of the valley. Seventy-five percent of Nepal is covered in mountains, some of the most rugged terrain in the world. The Himalayas and its foothills are what cover most of the nation. These mountains rise to heights greater than 29,000 feet making it naturally isolated and difficult to habitate. Less than one quarter of Nepal is covered in forests which makes timber a valuable commodity. The Kathmandu Valley is a lofty but flat basin which is enclosed by the Mahabharat Range. Its elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,000 feet and it has a width of up to ten miles and a length of twenty to forty miles. It sits on land that was formerly covered by lakes and was formed by the deposition of fluvial material brought down by the rivers and glaciers from the enclosing ranges between 1,600,000 and 10,000 years ago. The area is drained by the Baghmati River which flows south across the valley and cuts a deep gorge. Although the Baghmati River is strong, many of the smaller rivers of the areas dry up for parts of the year. The gorge exposes layers of water bearing strata of permeable rock, sand and gravel. There are also a few remnant lakes left on the valley. The valley was once forested but much of the land has now been cleared. The average temperature of the area is fifty degrees farenheight and with lows of dropping ...
Located in Ladakh, the Markha Valley is among the most sought after treks of Jammu and Kashmir. The Markha Valley is counted among amazing treks od India, situated in the Ladakh Region. Travelling all the way to Leh and Ladakh for this trek gives you a unique experience of witnessing the most beautiful and magical and remote Buddhist Kingdom of Ladakh.
Pakistan and India both believe they have valid claims on Kashmir. If looked at logically and ethically, only Pakistan’s claim can stand up to scrutiny. Successive Pakistani leaders have referred to Kashmir as the “jugular vein” of Pakistan, a fact reported on the Indian Embassy’s Note on Kashmir. This refers to the major rivers originating in the Kashmir Valley on which Pakistan is critically dependent. India has little right on Kashmir, as each of their arguments, if not legally, is morally wrong.
...ange of life that exists today. The taxonomic system has evolved over time, from Aristotle’s basic plant and animal system to Linnaeus binomial system showcasing how technology has revolutionised it, identifies new organisms and reclassifies others. Other systems were identified over time including Theophrastus’ plant classification key, the three, four, five and six kingdom systems as well as cladistic analysis, phenetics and evolutionary systematics. It has been emphasised that a universal system must be implemented to help avoid confusion between scientists and organise research efficiently. The model that would be best to implement universally would be cladistics analysis as it combines both phylogeny and evolution of morphological features. As no model can be perfect, cladistics’ analysis should interweave the binomial system to create a more efficient model.