Genetic Modification
Over 20 years ago it was discovered that genes, and parts of genes,
could be extracted from DNA using protein "scissors" then copied, or
cloned.
The gene could then be equipped with genetic "switches" to turn it up
or down and inserted back into a living organism. This is the basis of
genetic modification. It allows the sequences of genes to be
determined.
Transferring single genes between different plants and animals,
turning existing genes up or down, or removing a gene from its
original position and placing it in a new position in the same
organism are all referred to as genetic modification (GM). The terms
genetic engineering (GE) or genetic manipulation also mean the same
thing.
Plants, animals or microbes which have a new gene inserted into them
are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or transgenic. The
modified gene belongs to the new host but its sequence is altered for
example, on the basis of specific information gleaned from studies of
other organisms.
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the exact order of the
chemical building blocks (bases) that make up DNA. It is a laboratory
procedure that involves first breaking down the DNA into short pieces,
followed by separating the individual fragments using a technique
called gel electrophoresis. A bar code pattern of the DNA pieces is
produced which can then be read by computer.
An enormous volume of information on the genetics of organisms is
being generated using this technique and is providing computer experts
with a great challenge in handling the data.
Human Genome Project
The Hum...
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... correct genetic defects before growing the
tissue for transplant back into the donor. This is called therapeutic
cloning.
This is basically saying that with Genetic Modification you are able
to manipulate the organisms and plants to do what you want based on
what each gene does. The human genome project is a project which is
set up to discover all of the 50,000 genes that make up the human
body. This will allow scientists to beat diseases and virus’ before
they hit. Cloning is replicating the genes of one organism and
creating an identical copy. It enables genes to be added to produce
animals that can produce needed things.
I think that the general understanding about these topics are not very
well understood however many people know of them, they just don’t
exactly know what they are apart from rough guesses.