Introduction
For this assignment on Globalization, the country that our group chooses is Chile. There are a few reasons why we choose Chile as our selected country for this assignment. All of these reasons make us want to know more about Chile especially on the globalization. There many statements and rumors state that Chile is the globalization star of country in Latin America.
The reasons are:
1. According to Ernst and Young, Chile is the most globalized economy in Latin America. (Guion, 2012)
2. Globalization in Chile: A Positive Sum of Winners and Losers. (Tokman, 2010)
3. Chile was an early starter on opening trade and financial services in the early seventies. (Tokman, 2010)
Background
Chile has the driest desert in the world along
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However, under the center-right Alianza coalition, which took power in 2010, President Sebastian Piñera has raised corporate taxes and personally intervened to stop the construction of a coal-fired electric plant that had cleared all regulatory hurdles. None of that has satisfied the left, and large street protests have become an ongoing problem for the government. Despite Piñera’s clumsy political leadership, Chile still has the region’s best reputation among foreign investors. It is the first South American country to join the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Chile is the world’s leading producer of copper. The economy is very open to imports but is also an export powerhouse in minerals, wood, fruit, seafood, and wine. (Kilburn, 2014)
Rule of Law
The constitution provides for an independent judiciary, and the courts are generally free from political interference. In the past decade, the Chilean Congress passed significant anti-corruption, transparency, and campaign-finance laws that contributed to Chile’s reputation for good governance. Property rights are strongly respected, and expropriation is rare. Crime rates have declined significantly in the period from 2009 to 2013. (Kilburn, 2014)
Limited
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Minimum wage increases have exceeded overall productivity growth in recent years. Government price supports for agriculture are less than 5 percent of total farm receipts, one of the lowest rates among OECD countries. (Kilburn, 2014)
Open Markets
Chile has a 4 percent average tariff rate. It recently joined the Pacific Alliance, which, if counted as a single country, would be the world’s ninth-largest economy. Foreign investment is welcomed. The dynamic financial system facilitates high levels of bank usage and provides relatively efficient access to financing. Reforms to improve capital market liquidity and enhance access to financial services for small companies have progressed gradually. (Kilburn, 2014)
TORY EFFICIENCY
Chronology
On September 18, 1810, Chile broke from Spanish rule, declaring their independence (although they still were theoretically loyal to King Ferdinand VII of Spain, then a captive of the French). This declaration eventually led to over a decade of violence and warring which did not end until the last royalist stronghold fell in 1826. September 18 is celebrated in Chile as Independence Day.
The first turning point in hope for the Chilean road to socialism was that of the election of Salvador Allende as president, which gave many Yarur workers the belief that a ‘workers government’ was on their side. “For the first time, a self-proclaimed ‘workers government’ ruled Chile, dominated by the Left and Pledged to socialist revolution” (Winn, 53). Allende’s role as president gave identity to the Yarur workers that they were being represented and because of so, their struggles of working in the factory conditions set by Amador Yarur would come to an end. This identification with Allende as being represented by there own voice became the first stepping-stone to the demand for socialization of the factory. “The election of a ‘Popular Government’ was a signal...
Benitez, Gerardo, Latin American Perspectives: The Maquiladora Program Its Challenges Ahead, THE WHARTON JOURNAL, December 11, 1995.
Kurian, George Thomas, ed. "Mexico: Economy." World Geography and Culture Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 13 May 2014. .
Unlike any other Latin American country, since the nineteenth century, Chile has had a traditional electoral democracy. With its socialist revolutionary leader, Salvador Allende, creating the electoral coalition called “Popular Unity,” Allende won the 1970 presidential election of Chile. His presidency produced a radicalization among workers, but later his controlled insurrection was defeated by the uncontrollable revolution started by Chilean citizens. The military later overthrew Allende in 1973 and Augusto Pinochet assumed power. Patricio Guzman, a Chilean film director made a film of the depiction of student's reactions to his screening of The Battle of Chile, a documentary called Chile, Obstinate Memory. Even after decades of this regime, the student movement in Chile is going steady and this film compares and contrasts with it in various factors.
Mignolo, W. D. (2005). The Idea of Latin America (pp. 1-94). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
In Peter Winn’s book, Weavers of revolution, the revolution from below collided with the revolution from above, producing unexpected yet catastrophic effect in Chile. Generally speaking, a revolution is a complete transformation of an established government or a political system and a radical change in people’s views and behaviors. However, a revolution from above refers to major political and social changes that are imposed by the government on the population. In contrast, a revolution from below is when the people of a nation rebel against the hierarchy to gain a revolution. In Chile, the revolution from above was initiated by Salvador Allende’s election in 1970, but it was mistaken as a signal to the workers “to take the revolution into their own hands and fulfill their historic aspirations through direct action from below” (140).
Daily life in Chile depends on where you are located within the country. With it being almost 4500 miles long, the geography, the culture, and even the economy depends on the location. The north end, closest to Peru, is known for its agricultural resources, especially in mining. The central part, specifically Santiago, which is the nation’s capital and where most of Chile’s population is located, is the center of business. The south though, is colder, with thick forests that make growing seasons short. Despite the large differences even nation-wide, Chile is growing quickly. In 2013, Bloomberg found that “Chile’s economy grew by 5.5% in the last year—faster than predicted, and significant growth during a period when much of the world has seen only [small] economic expansion. (Gaiser) Chile is seen as one of the best South American countries, even with a smaller population. It has a population of about 16.8 million in 2013, 6th largest in South America. (South American Population) They are excelling in terms of competitiveness, peace, freedom, stability and prosperity. (BBC)
The coastal plain is an arid, elongated stretch of land extending the entire length of the country and varying in wild from about 65 to 160 km. (about 40 to 100 mi) it is a northern extension of the Tacoma Desert of Chile. The plain has few adequate harbors. Most of the desert is so dry that only10 of the 52 rivers draining the Andean slopes to the Pacific Ocean have sufficient volume to maintain the flow across the desert and reach the coast. However, the coast is the economic center of Peru. Most of the Nation’s leading commercial and export crops grow in the 40 oases of the region.
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was the most dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. European nations conceded to the United States their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect example of this aggression is what occurred in the Dominican Republic in 1904. The United States intervened in this sovereign nation and took control of their economy and custom houses. A memorandum from Francis B. Loomis, the United States Assistant Secretary of State, to the Secretary of States illustrates the United States’ goals, interests, attitudes and assumptions in the Dominican Republic and how the United States policy makers felt towards Latin America during this time period.
Mignolo, W. D. (2005). The Idea of Latin America (pp. 1-94). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Costa Rica lies in the tropics and originated as a land of peaceful people and lush ecosystems. The Costa Rica of today is much different than a simple ideal tourist location. It is a country that ranks among the world’s highest in biodiversity. In addition, there is no separation between church and state. It is a country with a woman president and no army. The economy of Costa Rica is challenged on a daily basis and the education of its residents is recognizable. The purpose of this paper is to introduce readers to the many unique facets of the small Spanish speaking country of Costa Rica. My intent is to present information about the country’s geographical facts, biodiversity and ecotourism, religion, education, government and economical status.
The passive young son of a well-to-do Chilean family enters his luxurious new home in a Santiago suburb. His opulently dressed mother greets him at the door, kisses him on the cheek and asks if he is happy in the family’s new home. The boy remains silent. This final scene of Chilean director Andrés Wood’s 2004 film Machuca appears to be one of gleaming optimism - of an educated, aristocratic family relishing the benefits of the first leg of Chile’s modern ‘economic miracle.’ However, the characteristically bright eyes of the cherub-faced boy, Gonzalo, are darkened by the gruesome events he had just witnessed in the midst of his nation’s 1973 military coup d’état. Present during a bloody military raid on one of the capital’s sprawling shantytowns, Gonzalo had just watched his indigent best friend, Machuca, being rounded up and sent to a military death camp (Machuca). His family’s newfound wealth was consequent of Chile’s successful and widely-praised neoliberal economic model, which was implemented by way of the brutal suppression of it challenger - the politically-powerful, socialist-aligned lower class. In his intimately told film, director Andrés Wood addresses a country that extols its prosperity while speaking in hushed tones of the atrocities committed against its proletariat. Wood demands that his audience look beyond the façade of Gonzalo’s lavish new home and recognize that his wealth - and indeed the nation’s wealth - was made possible only by bloodshed.
Globalization is a series of social, economical, technological, cultural, and political changes that promote interdependence and growth. Globalization raises the standard of living in developing countries, spreads technological knowledge, and increases political liberation. (Harris 5-23) The main cause of globalization is influence from other, more developed, countries. Globalization is a historical process that results from human innovation and technological progress. The social effects of globalization are clearly illustrated in Peru. Once a third-world country filled with poverty and oppression, Peru is now transitioning into a developed nation. In Peru, globalization has raised the human development index, empowered women, and created a stronger country. (Leon 90-91)
La oligarquía Chilena esta compuesta por capitalistas y propietarios como Esteban Trueba. Aunque es un grupo pequeño, ellos desarrollan el transcurso político y económico del país para satisfacer sus intereses económicos. Por otro lado, rechazan las opiniones izquierdistas y tienen una tendencia conservadora. Con respecto a la clase baja, la clase alta ejerce una posición superior y usan la violencia y paternalismo para demostrar su autoridad hacia las clases inferiores. Especialmente en las áreas rurales como las Tres Marías, ellos son dueños y controlan la infraestructura incluyendo los colegios, transportación, bancos, y hospitales.