Hackers, a lot of people think of the same thing once they hear that word the first thing that pops in to your mind is of person with no life trying so hard to break into your home computer or into a federal website. A hacker can mean more than that it can a person that is trying to crack a game and make it better or it can just be a person who wants to know the in an outs of how a computer works. The term hacker first originated in Massachusetts Institute of Technology “MIT” in the early 1960’s. it had nothing to do with computers when the word was first used in MIT the students made it up to describe the two types of student that they said existed the first one being a “TOOL” and the second one being a “Hacker” (Harvey). A “TOOL” was used to describe a student who will always get straight A’s and was always in class and when they where in break or out of class you can easily find them in a library. And a “HACKER” was a student who was never in class and slept all day and would rather be doing anything else at night rather than to be studying in other words the complete opposite as a “tool” they were a person who had to peruse a hobby at night and was dedicated to it (Harvey). Which in reality can sum up a hacker in this ere because he is someone who will most likely be resting in the day time and begin his hobby at night. Then in again in MIT in 1986 the term was used aging this time it was for building hackers who were people who go and access rooftops or tunnels that they were not authorized to be at (Harvey). Now there is a hacker for almost anything that can be used electronically, for example there is a hacker for phones, cable TV boxes, people who hack ATM machines and cards, and the infamous computer hackers. The phone h... ... middle of paper ... ...t hacked because they will not know that there security defense is not good and will have to learn the hard way by getting hacked and trying to find out why it happened and how it happened. The government is also hiring hackers that have been found guilty of cyber threats like hacking into government websites like the F.B.I and also some Army base computers. And the government will hire them and pardon their charges so that they can help them beef up their security by trying to hack into their security systems and telling them how to fix it. So at the end we need hackers to help the government against threats and also to help out businesses in trying to help them get the best protection they can have so that way they wont get hacked and charged insane amounts of money by telephone hackers or hackers that take control of their systems and demand money to give it back.
The Ted Talk presented by Catherine Bracy took the word hacking to another level. A new way of looking at a hacker. A hacker meaning much more than a teen behind a computer trying to steal information. The points she brought out is that reaching out to the people can get things done and strengthen relationships between people and an organization and through that relationship both parties are more stable and content. Bracy expressed her experiences with hackers in a government and citizen view, but this can also be applied to personal and
Hacking has two primary definitions; the first refers to the enthusiastic and skilful use of computers to solve problems (Techterms, 2013); the second, to “gain unauthorized access to data in a system or computer” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2013). In the context of this essay the second definition is more appropriate and will be the meaning inferred throughout. This definition also more closely aligns with legal terminology used in the UK when describing the hacking of computers. The Computer Misuse Act (1990) introduced three criminal offenses:
In conclusion Hackers started off as experts in programming and curious intellectuals advancing the limits of technology, but have evolved into a diverse world view. Additionally the shift from hardware onto software to the internet have boosted the increase in number of malicious hackers. With the emergence of new technologies so is the renewed efforts to combat the loopholes and help protect the public.
In reality, most hackers are ordinary people with a great deal of curiosity, above-average skills with a computer, a good understanding of human nature, and plenty of time to kill. Hackers have no distinguishing characteristics. Your next-door neighbor could be a hacker, as could your niece or nephew, one of your co-workers, or even the kid who serves you coffee in the morning. Not all hackers are dangerous and out to destroy business or damage lives. The view of the general public toward hackers is mixed. A recent CNN-poll shows 33% of respondents labeling hackers as "useful," 17% seeing them "as a menace," and the majority (45%) seeing hackers as "both" useful and a menace (CNN, 1999).
Hacker only has 50 years history, computer hacker crime is one of the mots dangerous crime threat at 21th century. Hacktivism is a new class of hacker has emerged, “the so-called hacktivist, who engages in hacking of computer networks and systems as a form of protest”(Hargrave,2012). Hacker crimes have use computer programming skill to make errors on your computer that control your computer to get information and change your computer system. Since in 1970s, computer hackers are called “phreaks”, which mean by phone hacker. Computer hacker is becoming form phone hacker. In the early 1970, Computer hacker is positive to the society, many of computer programmers were “began looking for ways to get the most out of the machines. “(Deivtt,2001) And then, they are created applications called hacks, which are “applications and allow more tasks to be completed in a shorter time.” (Deivtt,2001).In the early 1980.Hackers using computers and the internet for their own questionable gains. The first computer hacker crime is in the 1983.” six teenagers from
Hacking was once a term that was used to describe someone with a great deal of
Lu, Polgar, Luo, & Cao (2010) hypothesized that computer security is not as much about the aspect of technology, instead it is more concerned with the mental and social science activities of the individuals who utilize computer technology. The authors supported this point of view by stating that computers only channel the transgressions of the individuals who exploit them. Xu, Hu, & Zhang (2013) attributed the upsurge of hackers to the popularity of the internet and the prevalence computer systems. The authors maintained that a notable portion of the hacking community is intelligent college-age individuals who begin hacking out of curiosity and end up exploiting their talents to commit cybercrime (Xu et al., 2013) Originally, hacking did not have a negative connotation. Deriving around the late 1950s, the expression hacker referred to an exceptionally adept programmer and convergent thinker that could formulate innovative solutions to overcome constraints of primitive computer systems (Bachmann, 2010; Lu et al., 2010).
There are a few elite in our technology-driven world that possess the unnatural ability to understand and wield the power of computers. To the media they are known as hackers, threats to computer security everywhere. To the underground they are known as "console cowboys", samurais, and the last defenders of free information. To the common man they are young teenage boys that break your computer and ruin your e-mail. Hackers are not criminals or mischievous kids with no purpose. They play an important role in our culture and are the fuel behind our technological revolution.
Hacking has been around since the birth of computers. When the term hacking was first used, its meaning was not that of how we think of it today. At the origins of computing, a hacker was considered to be just a "creative programmer (Baase, 2003)." Early forms of computer games as well as the beginnings of operating systems were discovered and created by these original hackers. These hackers plunged into systems as a way of an intellectual challenge and to aspire to gain knowledge (Baase, 2003). Kevin Mitnick believes he falls into this realm of hackers. Hackers in today's era are now looked upon as criminals who invade the privacy rights of individuals and have the ability to deliver worms/viruses. The differences are that hackers today have full intentions of delivering terrible viruses and worms. Mitnick was one of the most infamous hackers during the 1980's. He molded his hacking style around the stupidity of humans and his quest for intellectual knowledge. The ways in which he wiggled his way into computer systems extenuates many of the issues surrounding computer security and privacy.
I always believed that hacking was a bad thing done by malicious people. I now realize that thought there are bad hackers, many hackers follow an ethical code when acquiring information and deciding what to make of it. I have been able to pursue a lot of information largely in part because of hackers. As Cross says, “academic freedom should be restricted only as an absolute last resort, not as the fundamental basis of our national strategies for security and technological development in the 21st century” (Cross, 40) and after reading this article, I have both a new definition and appreciation for the term
The term “hacker” has been in use since the early 1980’s due to mass media usage to describe computer criminals. The use of this term is vastly used by the general population and most are not aware that there are different meanings to the word. People within the computing community especially within the programming subculture emphasize the use of the term “crackers” for computer security intruders (cyber criminals). Early hackers rarely used their skills for financial gain as a motivation for their criminal behavior in that time cybercrime was infantile and largely seen as a practical joke or game by those who committed it. Bob Thomas created the first credited computer worm n...
Hacking is strongly unjustified by individuals due to it being illegal activity. Laws relating to computer hacking vary depending on every region. However, there is a predominance of hacking being illegal in a majority of countries. Broadly speaking, it is illegal to hack into computer systems and networks since it involves accessing information with authorisation. This is a form of invasion of privacy and data breach, automatically making the activity unlawful. From ‘Computer Crime: American Hacking, federal police’, it is stated that computer intrusion, unauthorised modification and destruction of data comes with penalties under the state law. These range from class B misdemeanour (a fine) to class B felony (five years in prison). This validates that in most cases, due to the trespassing of computers and networks and data rupture, hacking is strongly considered as unvirtuous due to it being illegal
Who is a hacker? Most people see a hacker as someone who exploits vulnerabilities of electronic devices and system, network, and computer to use in malicious activity. About.com wrote "Hacking is any technical effort to manipulate the normal behavior of network connections and connected systems. A hacker is any person engaged in hacking. The term "hacking" historically referred to constructive, clever technical work that was not necessarily related to computer systems. Today, however, hacking and hackers are most commonly associated with malicious programming attacks on the Internet and other networks." It's true that hacking is mostly associated with undesired activities and intrusion. However, not all hackers are bad. There are, in fact, several types of hackers that exist; white hat hackers, black hat hackers, grey hat, elite, neophyte, blue hat, and hacktivist. Black hat hacker are called crackers and "they violates computer security for little reason beyond maliciousness or for personal gain" (Moore, 2005) Today, most people who are not computer professionals use the term 'hacker' to define cracker. Black hackers conduct illegal activities through computer. On the other hand, white hat hackers are considered to be "good" since they do not hack to harm others. Their intention is study networks and computers with hacker set of mind to find vulnerabilities and weakness and provide with recommendation on how to improve to protect from black hat hackers. White hat hackers are often called certified penetration tester. This paper will discuss white hat hackers or penetration testers.
In Computer security terminology Hacker is a person or group of persons, who exploit, modify and identify weakness in a computer system or network. Hacker may be motivates of reasons such as profit, protest and challenge. based on attitude, belief, and goals hacker groups are categories such as
The Art of exploring various security breaches is termed as Hacking.Computer Hackers have been around for so many years. Since the Internet became widely used in the World, We have started to hear more and more about hacking. Only a few Hackers, such as Kevin Mitnick, are well known.In a world of Black and White, it’s easy to describe the typical Hacker. A general outline of a typical Hacker is an Antisocial, Pimple-faced Teenage boy. But the Digital world has many types of Hackers.Hackers are human like the rest of us and are, therefore, unique individuals, so an exact profile is hard to outline.The best broad description of Hackers is that all Hackers aren’t equal. Each Hacker has Motives, Methods and Skills. But some general characteristics can help you understand them. Not all Hackers are Antisocial, PimplefacedTeenagers. Regardless, Hackers are curious about Knowing new things, Brave to take steps and they areoften very Sharp Minded..