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National security agency united states of america
National security agency united states of america
National security agency united states of america
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Introduction
All times used throughout this paper will be in Israel local time unless otherwise indicated. The U.S.S. Liberty was a United States Navy ship converted for use by the National Security Agency.1 It was attacked in broad daylight by Israel on the afternoon of June 8th 1967.2 At the time of the attack the Liberty was approximately 12-14 NM off the coast of land that the Israeli military was in control of.3 Israel was on day four of their six day war.4 The mission of the Liberty, as told to the public in a Department of Defense press release on the day of the attack, was “to ensure communications between U.S. Government posts in the Middle East, and to assist in relaying information concerning the evacuation of American dependents, and other American citizens from the countries of the Middle East.”5 Truthfully the Liberty was there to conduct Sigint collection focused on Egypt, as directed by the NSA.6 To put it as plainly as possible, the Liberty was spying on other countries in the furtherance of American interests. In this case study I will examine the information available and come to my own conclusions about why it happened, and how to prevent it from happening in the future, based on my experiences in the military thus far.
History
The Liberty was originally a cargo ship commissioned in May of 1945 during World War Two.7 She was put into storage in 1958, and recommissioned in December of 1964, after being modified for use as an intelligence platform.8 Israel began what is commonly referred to as the “Six Day War” on June 5th 1967, after the Strait of Tiran was blockaded on May 23rd by Egypt.9 Israel had made its position clear numerous times that blockading the straight would be met with force.10 The serious ...
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... pick up survivors, and whomever they are talking to about the nationality of the ship. The transcripts only show the conversation, who is transmitting is blanked out. These are the only audio transcripts available on the NSA website. The Liberty also produced three recordings that are said to be of Israeli air traffic.47 Where are these recordings? How is it that exactly three recordings were made by both the EC-121, and the Liberty, yet only three were released 36 years later? If air traffic from helicopters could be captured and recorded, what about all of the other aircraft flying that day? These questions may never be answered because the NSA has stated that all material related to the attack has been released to the public. My personal opinion about whether or not there has been a cover up will develop after I have more time to study additional information.
The Tangled Relationship. New York: Foreign Policy Association, 1971. Flaherty, Tom. A. “What We Learned from the Bay of Pigs.” Reader’s Digest July 1963: 92-94.
In times of great terror and panic, the citizens of a nation must decide what they value most: their right to privacy or the lives of the innocent. Government surveillance is criticized, however there are times in a nation’s history where, in order to ensure the safety of their citizens, they must surveill the country for potential hazards that might exist in the world. The government-issued program, COINTELPRO--a series of illegal projects during the twentieth century organized by the Federal Bureau of Investigation--while heavily criticized for its unconstitutional grounds--was justified because it benefitted the nation during a period of upheaval. COINTELPRO is popularly condemned by historians and professors such as Brandeis University Professor of Sociology, David Cunningham, who asserts that the FBI counterintelligence program was only a form of repression that allowed for the government to suppress matters that they consider bothersome (234). This however was not the case.
Part of Oren’s motive in writing this book was the impact it had on his own life. He informs the reader that, as a Jewish child growing up in America, he remembers seeing his parents worrying over the uncertainty of Israel’s future when faced with an imposing war against the Arabs in 1967 and their excessive joy when Israel won (Oren 332). He remembers his father showing him a photo of an Israeli soldier wading through the Suez Canal. Years he later he had the privilege to meet that soldier and writes, “…he’s my neighbor—and I told him that it was because of him that I decided right then and there, in 1967, to move to Israel and take part in the drama of Jewish Independence,” (Oren 333). Oren’s personal connection to the events of the Six-Day War and how he feels it aided in shaping his future served as inspiration to write Six Days of War to inform others.
On the month of April in 2004, in the city of Habbaniyah, Iraq, a brutal and terrible act took place which ignited one of the bloodiest battles in the history of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Four Black Water security members were killed and publicly maimed. The resulting battle left a high casualty rate as well as hundreds of American service members being wounded. This is the story of the events that took place after the events in the city of Habbaniyah.
"Lessons Learnt." What Israel's Experience of Dealing with Terrorism Can Teach the Western World? N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
David Reynolds has written and enlightening book named “From Munich to Pearl Harbor” discussing three main objectives dealing with World War II. The first of the three objectives is to provide a detailed and clear narrative story from the years between Munich to Pearl Harbor. The second of the three purposes or objectives of the book is to analyze and show how President Franklin Delano Roosevelt led the American people into a new perspective on international relations that were different from anything Americans had known. The last of the three objectives of the book is to show the developments between the years of 1938 through 1941. Many of these developments were very important later for the foreign policy of the United States not only during the Second World War but also during the Cold War complications with Russia and today with President Bush’s war on terror currently taking place in Iraq.
Since the inception of an Israeli nation-state in 1948, violence and conflict has played a major role in Israel’s brief history. In the Sixty-One year’s Israel has been a recognized nation-state, they have fought in 6 interstate wars, 2 civil wars, and over 144 dyadic militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) with some display of military force against other states (Maoz 5). Israel has been involved in constant conflict throughout the past half century. Israel’s tension against other states within the Middle East has spurred vast economic, social, and political unity that has fostered a sense of nationalism and unity in Israel not seen in most other states. Over the next several pages I will try and dissect the reasons for why the nation state of Israel has been emerged in constant conflict and how this conflict has helped foster national unity and identity among the people of Israel.
Long a polarizing issue, a balance between civil liberties and national security has constantly trailed America’s pursuit of happiness. Civil liberties are defined as rights for each individual person that serve to protect said individuals, by law, from unjust governmental interference, and encompasses all interference that may infringe on given rights. Incidentally, America has sucumb to such infringments within its lifetime, some early in its history, and some with recurring now with vestiges of the more prominent liberty violations which had reigned before. A much more recent example, terrorist attacks offended on September 11 shook our nation and brought with it government reform that many had not seen before. And with these governmental reforms, America has begun to backlash after more and more information about these unjust offenses has begun to leak from both prolific media outlets and workers in government themselves. The attacks committed on September 11, 2001. Although initially intended to protect America, the war on terror has begun to encroach on civil liberties and the ...
There was an article saying that in 2007, the government subpoenaed amazon.com to obtain book purchasing records of amazons customers. Judge Stephen Crocker said that, “ the subpoena is troubling because it permits the government to peek into the reading habits of specific individuals with out their knowledge or permission. It is an unsettling and un-American scenario to envision federal agents nosing through the reading lists of law-abiding citizens while hunting for evidence against somebody else.” This article brings into question the constitutional rights of the 4th and 9th amendments, of warrants and privacy of citizens: should the government be able to look into private records showing purchases and other private businesses of citizens without a warrant?
?Espionage.? 2000-2004. The War to End All Wars. Michael Duffy. Original Material. Primary Documents Online.
In the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Congress sprang into action. Within a month, U.S. lawmakers overwhelmingly approved the USA Patriot Act of 2001, giving law enforcement and intelligence agent’s broader authority to fight terrorists operating in the United States.
After breaking free from the British tyranny in 1776, America was built on the principles of independence and freedom. The weakness of the first Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, proved that the United States needed some form of a strong central government. However, this created an issue due to the fact that the new Americans were scared that there would be a repeat of the oppression they faced with Britain (History Staff). The solution was to create a government that was able to restrict itself from gaining too much power, while also simultaneously being able to maintain its strength. The solution was found by adding a few principles in the foundation of the American governmental system. First off, the concept of being able
The American Ideological Consensus is that “…the American people have shared much of the same ideals, the same basic principles, and the same patterns of belief” (McClenaghan 104). When America filled itself with ideologically homogenous people, their beliefs started to define our nation and became American identities. If asked what they think of America, peoples of other nations would say that the roads are made of glass, opportunity is in the air, and civil rights are plentiful. These accounts maybe accentuated; however, the underlying message is that the American people have more freedoms then the peoples of other nations do. The most widely known American identity is freedom, and even though that American identity has been tried and tested throughout much of its history, it can still be said that America is a land of liberty.
The Arab-Israeli conflict is perhaps the most complex political issue of our time. Many have resorted to simply blaming one side or the other. If people took the time to understand the history and correct the misconceptions a potential path forward for the Palestinians comes in place. The main reason as to why the conflict continues is because both Palestinians and Israelis have been fighting over land for the past 66 years.
Another theory was that perhaps the U.S. Military had shot down flight 93 as to prevent it from taking aim at another important government building. But these claims have been sharply denied by Pentagon officials. The FBI says to the question if it has been ruled out or not that it is “kind of a loaded question.