Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms, including human beings, but it is not readily available. Consequently, Iron (Fe) deficiency is a major threat to the health and development of the human populations in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that nearly 3.7 billion people are iron deficient, with 2 billion of these being anemic (WHO, 2007). Iron deficiency is most prevalent in south Asian countries (Zlotkin et al. 2004). In Bangladesh about half of all children and 70 percent of all women in Bangladesh are anemic (Ahmed 2000). Bangladesh loses 2 percent of its gross domestic product to iron deficiency (Ross and Horton 1998). Inadequate intake of dietary Fe, in quantity and quality, is the primary cause of Fe deficiency in developing countries. A diet consisting of poor Fe sources is one major reason for inadequate Fe intake. Iron deficiency can be reduced by providing healthy foods, supplementation, and food fortification (Haas et al. 2005), but poor families, especially from developing countries like Bangladesh cannot afford these strategies.
Biofortification is defined as the process of breeding food crops that are rich in bioavailable micronutrients (Bouis 2003). Biofortification with Fe in staple foods provides a cost-effective solution to alleviate Fe deficiency in target populations globally (Nagesh et al. 2012). Biofortification has been considered the “second Green Revolution”. The Bangladesh diet is dominated (about 80 percent) by rice (Hels et al. 2003) and contains vegetables and lentils. Polished rice is a rich source of dietary energy but a poor source of vitamins and minerals. Lentils are a rich source of protein and several essential micronutrients (Fe, Zn, β-caro...
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...s and check for possible chimeric origins. DNA sequences will be compared with those from the GenBank database using BLASTN algorithm.
6. Expected results and discussion
Correlation of the abundance and diversity of the main taxon-specific groups of iron solubilizing bacteria inhabiting the roots will be determined for each Varity and each soil type using culture dependent methods. We expect to correlate the relative abundance of iron solubilizing bacteria in different soil (detected using PCR) and inside the roots of lentil plant (detected using PCR).
7. Statistical analysis
Normality of data will be analyzed using histograms, boxplots and qq-plot. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be performed in SAS statistical package to establish significant differences between the treatments and their interactions. Means will be compared using the Tukey’s Post-hoc, at α=0.05.
Using PCR and Gel Electrophoresis to Determine Genotype. In certain situations, it is necessary to identify DNA retrieved from a sample. When there is a small sample in need of identification, Polymerase Chain Reactions are used to multiply the DNA. in the sample in many identical samples.
The calculated result from the chi-square test gave a p-value of .0015. The null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted because the p-value was less than .05. The
Iron is a trace element, which is a group of minerals present in small quantities in the body. Other trace elements include copper, zinc, selenium, manganese and iodine. These minerals cannot be synthesized by the body and must therefore be supplied in the diet. Iron is the most common trace element in the human body; adult males have approximately 3.5 g iron in total, or 50 mg per kg body weight while females have about 2g total iron or 35 mg per kg bodyweight. Iron can exist in oxidation states from -2 to +6, but mainly exists in the ferrous (+2) and ferric (+3) states in biological systems. As iron has the ability to accept and donate electrons readily, it can interconvert between these two forms with ease. Thus, iron can participate in
The overall average of the control Daphnia’s heart rate is 249.38 bpm. 0.01% caffeine’s average is 327.93 bpm, and the caffeine at 0.005% has an average of 268.90 bpm, both making the heart rate speed up. Ethanol had the opposite affect, 0.01% ethanol’s average heart rate for this experiment is 159.58 bpm and 0.005% ethanol had an average of 183.4 bpm. Caffeine has a positive percent change while ethanol has a negative percent change in the data chart. The percent change for 0.01% caffeine is 31.50%change, for 0.005% of caffeine it is 7.83% change and for ethanol 0.01% it is 36.01% change while 0.005% ethanol has a 26.47% change. The standard deviation for the treatments all relatively close. Caffeine 0.01% had a standard deviation of 49.77, 0.005% caffeine’s standard deviation is 58.95. The standard deviation for 0.01% ethanol is 54.19, ethanol 0.005 had a standard deviation of 49.47, and the control groups is 33.31. The p-tests show if and how significant the data
Maghari, Behrokh Mohajer, and Ali M. Ardekani. "Genetically Modified Foods And Social Concerns." Avicenna Journal Of Medical Biotechnology 3.3 (2011): 109-117. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.
According to the details given in case study, Ms. A has iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. It is a condition where the blood lacks enough red blood cells (Clark, 2008). When there are a low number of red blood cells, it makes transportation of oxygen to parts of the body very difficult. Iron deficiency is type of anemia due to the lack of iron in the body. Without the proper amount of iron in the body, it cannot produce enough hemoglobin and since hemoglobin is the main carrier of oxygen, low levels of it can lead to tiredness and shortness of breath (Copstead, Banasik, 2010).
Gayen, D., Sarkar, S. N., Datta, S. K., & Datta, K. (2013). Comparative analysis of nutritional compositions of transgenic high iron rice with its non-transgenic counterpart. Food chemistry, 138(2), 835-840.
Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS (9.1, SAS institute, 2004) statistical software package. Statistical assessments of differences between mean values were performed by the LSD test at P = 0.05.
Iron is an essential part of a healthy diet. Iron compounds are employed for medicinal purposes in the treatment of anemia, when the amount of hemoglobin or the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood is lowered.
The first of three research articles examined was conducted by Bruce-Brand et. al. In this randomized control
As the number of people who are starving increases each day, many leaders and organizations throughout the world are looking for a solution to this global crisis. According to John Robbins, the founder of Earth Save and co-founder/president of the Food Revolution Network, “Nearly a million children die every year because they are weakened by vitamin A deficiency and an additional 350,000 go blind. Golden rice … will be a godsend for the half of humanity…” (Robbins). Genetic engineering could be the fix for this issue. Genetic engineering would allow for rice to be produced in mass quantities for a less expensive price than regular rice. Moreover, if genetic engineering of beef cows were to be pursued, it would allow for more beef to be produced per cow; this would allow people who are hunger stricken to get a well-rounded diet. Although critics of genetically modified crops argue that this might not be the healthiest solution to ending world hunger, these crops have been approved as safe by the Food and Drug Administration. Also, these crops would be a great supplement for people who need food immediately and do not have the resources to go and find a healthier source of
Iron Deficiency Anemia affects millions of individuals across the world. This disease strikes many more women than men and has harmful effects on all who suffer from this deficiency that causes oxygen-carrying capacity to decrease. The causes can vary amongst different groups, but the aggravating symptoms remain constant. Much of the research on Iron Deficiency Anemia concentrates on not only the treatment of this disease, but also the prevention of it. To attain a better understanding of how to treat this problem, one must clearly know what Iron Deficiency Anemia means, what causes this disease, the effects of it, and finally how to cure it.
The global population in the year 2050 is expected to be nine billion and the agricultural demand is expected to double. With the current population already over seven billion people, there are hunger issues all around the world (“New” par. 1). How are we going to deal with food shortages in the future? With less land to work with, strains on the soils, and the lack of water, it is getting harder for the farmers of the world to support our growing population. These complications are making it harder for farmers to produce quality, affordable food. To help the crops grow better, farmers use fertilizers and chemical sprays to enhance growth and control the weeds. Farming in the United States is a relevant business because it supplies people with food, provides people with jobs maintaining the used equipment with the new equipment being much more expensive, and it provides research for more efficient ways on how to feed the world.
This can not be done with the same ineffective tactics that were used in the past, so that’s why people are developing new ways to eradicate hunger. When the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) was held, they discussed the nutrition component and how important it is that it is not overlooked. By paying attention to nutrient-dense foods and recognizing the different entry points for improving nutrition, the ICN2 argues the world will be one step closer in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal. Some of the entry points they discussed include “the promotion of crop diversification…, strengthening local food production and processing, and exploring regulatory or voluntary instruments for promoting healthy diets” (goals 2). Promoting the nutrition aspect of the goal can help achieve it because nutrients are what keep people alive and