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Thirty-four years ago, the Islamic Revolution changed not only the leadership of Iran but brought a complex and strained relationships with the United States. The focus of this paper is an analysis on an Iranian engagement policy option outlined in the CSIS Report “The Gulf Kaleidoscope: Reflections on the Iranian Challenge”. The international relations theory of liberalism is applied using the tenets of economic interdependence and democratic transparency.
For three decades, exchanges between the United States and Iranian diplomats have been tactical, not strategic. There are various policy options that can be utilized effectively and strategically to communicate, ultimately negotiate, with Iran. “Iran is a threat to regional stability because its regime pursues a variant of the same ideology that motivates al Qaeda.” The policy option of neither deterrence nor containment is not in the interest of the United States. Both options would increase United States diplomatic and military requirements during a time of fiscal constraints, not to mention the complexity and risk associated with those strategies.
Moreover, methods center on isolating Iran, a strategy of isolating Iran does not shape the countries behavior. The United States must clarify policy objectives, to include any constraints and limitations. Important to identify strategic ends, ways, and means that meet the desired end state of preventing Iran’s nuclear and regional hegemony ambitions. “Engagement seeks to heighten shared interests in order to induce better Iranian behavior.”
Since 1979 the United States sanctions has affected Iran’s economic well-being. The United States State Department, and its array of Foreign Service Officers, has the led role i...
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Waltz, K. N. (2012). Why Iran should get the bomb: Nuclear balancing would mean stability. Foreign Affairs, 91(4), pp. 3.
Hastedt, Glenn P. “Chapter 1: Defining American Foreign Policy Problems.” In American Foreign Policy, 9th ed. James Madison University New York: Longman, 2011, pp. 3.
Hastedt, Glenn P. “Chapter 1: Defining American Foreign Policy Problems.” In American Foreign Policy, 9th ed. James Madison University New York: Longman, 2011, pp. 3.
Prager, Dennis (2013). Yes, We Are the World’s Policeman. Human Events: Powerful Conservative Voices. http://www.humanevents.com/2013/09/17/yes-we-are-the-worlds-policeman/
Alterman, Jon B., ed. “Gulf Kaleidoscope: Reflections on the Iranian Challenge.” Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington, DC, May 2012, pp. 18
For decades, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East had depended on a friendly government in Iran. The newly appointed leader, the shah of Iran, began Westernizing the country and taking away power from the Ayatollah, powerful religious leaders. The United States poured millions of dollars into Iran’s economy and the shah’s armed forces, overlooking the rampant corruption in government and well-organized opposition. By early 1979, the Ayatollah had murdered the Shah and taken back power of the government. A group of students who took the American embassy hostage on November 4th, 1979, turned the embassy over to the religious leaders. Carter knew he must take action in order to regain the American embassy and the hostages, but with all of the military cutbacks, the rescue attempt was a complete failure and embarrassment. It took the United States 444 days to rescue the hostages. This was the final straw for many Americans, and enough to push them to the “right” side of the political spectrum, Republican.
Mingst, K. A. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 79). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Mingst, Karen A. Essentials of International Relations. New York : W.W. Norton & Co., 2008.
Hawley, C. (2003). U.S. foreign policy. Encyclopedia of American history: Expansion and reform, 1813-1855, 4, Retrieved August 14, 2008, from Facts on File: American History Online database.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Shiraev, Eric B., and Vladislav M. Zubok. International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Silver, Larry.
This ascendant speech became the outline of any adventurous politician to convince the audience these days. For instance, either the previous Presidents of US or the present President Mr. Obama use this technique to achieve their victory in the presidential campaigns. There is the Iranian Nuclear file that has an important matter at Mr. Obama, represents the similarity between Churchill’s speeches and Mr. Obama’s ones. In February 2009, according to Michael Makovsky and Blaise Misztal, two journalists at The Washington Post, that Mr. Obama pledged “to use all elements of American power to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon.”13 This decision could change after a few years, and it is not the final one. December 7, 2013, according to Michael D. Shear, a journalist at The New York Times, “President Obama said that he could envision a final diplomatic agreement with Iran that would let the country’s government enrich nuclear material for power production with enough restrictions to assure Israel and the rest of the world that it could not produce a nuclear weapon.”14 The diplomatic speech has changed 90º from prevention to acceptance of restrictions, and that is not all. Moreover, April 7, 2015, according to Steve Inskeep, a journalist at NPR, Mr. Obama “would argue that this deal is the right thing to do for the United States, for our allies in the region and for world peace regardless of the nature of the Iranian regime.”15 After six years of the first speech of Mr. Obama and negotiation with the Iranian, the President accepted to let the Iranian have Nuclear to peaceful uses. This diplomatic speech gave the Iranian what they are looking for, and at the same time the US achieved the best deal with 180º in a different direction without using Air Forces to bomb the nuclear facilities. Furthermore, this fact is as a result of the Churchill’s speech technique which has
As we approach the next Presidential election the topic of American foreign policy is once again in the spotlight. In this paper, I will examine four major objectives of U.S. foreign policy that have persisted throughout the twentieth century and will discuss the effect of each on our nation’s recent history, with particular focus on key leaders who espoused each objective at various times. In addition, I will relate the effects of American foreign policy objectives, with special attention to their impact on the American middle class. Most importantly, this paper will discuss America’s involvement in WWI, WWII, and the Cold War to the anticipated fulfillment of these objectives—democracy, manifest destiny, humanitarianism, and economic expansion.
Sofaer, Abraham D. "The Presidency, War, and Foreign Affairs: Practice under the Framer." Law and Contemporary Problems. 40.2 (1976): 12-36.
This report examines the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreed upon on July 14, 2015 between Iran and the P5+1, which includes the U.S., U.K., France, China, Russia and Germany. The agreement fosters a temporary solution in which the P5+1 removed crippling economic sanctions in return for the cease of Iran’s nuclear development. Great powers recognize the threat that Iran poised to the universal vital interest of worldwide peace and established sustainable international relationships to maintain leverage over Iran. However, the JCPOA contains deficiencies that challenge long term restrictions and inhibit the enforcement of implications upon Iran for violations. First, the sunset clause, “Permits critical nuclear, arms, and ballistic
Nye, Jr., Joseph S. “Hard and Soft Power in American Foreign Policy.” In Paradox of American Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 4-17. Print.
Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand [cited 12 September 2011]. Available from: http://www.questiaschool.com>. US Department of State.
Maynes, Charles. "The Middle East in the Twenty-First Century." Middle East Journal 52.1 (1998): 9-16. JSTOR. Web. 6 June 2011.
Gerner, Deborah J., and Philip A. Schrodt. "Middle Eastern Politics." Understanding the contemporary Middle East. 3rd ed. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008. 85 -136. Print.
Although the aspirations and goals of states are often partially motivated by external pressures, it is important to recognize that internal forces also play equally crucial roles in the pursuit and execution of these objectives. The decisions of foreign policymakers must take into account domestic political considerations. This fact is especially evident in the political landscape of the United States, where the separation of powers between the executive and legislative branch allows Congress to act as a counterweight to the power of the president. All states, whether their governments are democratic or authoritarian, must contend with domestic political considerations when evaluating foreign policy decision.
Dimitter, Lowell. World Politics. 1st ed. Vol. 55. New York: Johns Hopkins UP, 2002. 38-65.