Specifications are written instruction concerning project requirements. The specification is one of the contract documents consisting of the written requirements for materials, equipment, construction systems, standards and workmanship for the work, as well as performance of related services. Construction specifications will usually provide a number of lists as well, including the materials that are to be used, where they are to be used, and how much should be used. Construction specifications will also usually provide a time by which the project should be completed or at least finish by the deadline. This will likely be the major factor in determining whether an interested contractor bids on a project. Those without the staff to handle the time constraints, or who have other conflicting projects, may decide they cannot do the job.
Specifications are usually used by many parties such as contractor, consultant and etc. The installation method of all the sections for the construction such as foundation, windows, door etc. are all clearly described in the specification. Specification is often abbreviated as spec; it may refer to a detailed set of requirements to be fulfilled by material, design, product, or service. If so a material, product, or services fail to meet one or more of the required specifications, it may be referred to as being out of specification. A specification is a type of technical standard. Specifications are also used for controlling the quality of the overall project. Budget is also one of the main key parts in a project that can be managed and controlled with the use of specification. Contractors who can’t meet the requirements for the specs need to consult with the architect before bidding. If the contractor ...
... middle of paper ...
...on will be necessary and the architect is not expected to be continuously at the site. Both site agent and clerk of works require instructions and they take these, subject to any variations ordered by the architect, from the contracts documents, for example, drawings and specification or drawings and bill of quantities. Where quantities have been prepared, the quantity surveyor will either have incorporated the relevant parts of the specification in the preface and in the descriptions or, more commonly today, incorporated the complete specification and referenced the bill description thereto. However, certain matters in a specification, colors, joist spacing, etc., may well have no cost significance as far as the bill of quantities is concerned but are very relevant to the clerk of works or agent. They will therefore always require a copy of the full specification.
Based on the textbook and my understanding, whenever there are negotiations between a procurer and a supplier regarding a competitive bidding, the first thing that might be favored is the scope of the project, meaning both will sit down and discuss the entire project prior the work begins. Meanwhile, during the negotiations, evaluation criteria should be clear, and stated and defined. As the evaluation is based on the criteria stated and the procurer can request or ask the supplier’s opinions on certain specifications and where things can be improved.
According to Kubasek, Browne, Dhooge, Herron, and Barkacs (2016), the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) was created in 1952 and all fifty states, as well as the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands, have adopted it either in part or in whole. The UCC becomes the law for any state that adopts all or portions of it, becoming the commercial code for that state. It comes with 11 sections, called articles. The articles cover a wide range of business transactions ranging from sales contracts to bankruptcies, to secured transactions. The UCC is vitally important to sales law, particularly for businesses that conduct transactions in multiple states (Kubasek, et al., 2016, p. 174).
The description shall be a legal description by metes and bounds or by reference to subdivided land unless the land to be added can be otherwise specifically described.
The Enhanced National CLAS Standards – How to Deliver the Highest Level of Health Care to an Increasingly Diverse Population in the United States
“Operational design is a journey of discovery, not a destination.” Operational design provides a framework, with the guidance of the Joint Force Commander (JFC), that staffs and planning groups can use to give political leaders, commanders, and warfighters a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the problems and objectives for which military forces will be committed, or are planned to be committed. Furthermore, operational design supports commanders and planners to make sense of complicated operational environments (often with ill-structured or wicked problems), helps to analyze wicked problem, and devise an operational approach to solve the problem in the context of the operational environment.
In the British Standards, engineering drawings must be consistent and meet the standards by all manufacturers. This will allow a coordinated system and will prevent confusion and misinterpretation during the manufacturing process. For example, within an engineering company, architect drawings should be clear and simple to understand. This will save the company valuable time and likewise reduce the costs in the reproduction of the misinterpreted final product as it would not be fit for purpose.
The system features adaptive difficulty levels that increase or decrease difficulty based on a student’s performance
One way to provide clear description of a project is to prepare project charter. A Guide to the Project Management Body Of Knowledge (2008), “it is the process of developing a document that formally authorizes a project or a phase and initial requirements that satisfy the stake holder needs expectations” (pg.71). Preparing a project charter is the initial step for project manager to start any project. In Project charter we can describe different components of the projects. To start any project, preparing a project charter is the initial steps for project manager. Some of the essential components are described below.
M2 Construction is well known for maintaining the highest standards in regarding of Quality Performance. In order to achieve a completed project that meets the owner 's quality expectations, we require that all parties to a project must acquire an understanding of those expectations, incorporate them into the contract price, and commit in good faith to carry them out.
The first step to development is to survey the property in order to document and draw the bounds and land surface shapes. The property will be represented by various geometry elements such as points, lines, arcs, circles, and other defined geometry shapes. Surveyors use scope on tripods witch use projection of line Referenced point on a stick in order to measure the variations of the heights on the ground. This tool uses various angel theorems and postulates to find location of property boundaries, property corners, utilities and building layouts on the property. The surveyor uses the data collected to draw the property layout on a 36”x 24”sheet of paper.
The vendors will outline how the work will be accomplished, who will perform the work, and vendors experience in providing the service. Additionally, the vendors will be required to submit work breakdown structures (WBSs) as the hierarchy structure below and work schedules to show their understanding of the work to be performed and their ability to meet the project schedule. There are constraints to be included in the RFP and communicated to all vendors in order to determine their ability to operate within these constraints. The project schedule is not flexible and the contractor must complete the service within the established project schedule of 1 year. The contractor must support the approved project scope statement.
The physical- financial entity is a balance of two different components working towards the same common goal. Each one has their areas of focus and attributes to contribute to the project. If one has more influence than the other, an imbalance could occur and result in problems with the development and its success. The physical side must work with the architects, engineers, and construction team to create the schematic design and budget possibilities for the project in the predevelopment stage. This will include alternatives and rough preliminary designs. When the development moves over to the document development stage, they become responsible for the construction documents, budgeting, and schedules for the actual construction of the project. The financial side of the development involves the business side of the project. This is where the market and marketability studies will be conducted and various feasibility and investment analysis reports will be submitted. The financial entity of the development will continue to work through the predevelopment and document development stages to put forth the best suited analysis for the market, feasibility, and marketability studies.
Estimates form the basis of tender comparison, so it should be as accurate as possible, if deficient the award settlement becomes arduous (Odusami & Onukwube, 2008). Accurate cost estimate for projects are tremendously essential to both the clients and the contractor. It provides the basis for the contractor to submit the tender and allows the parties to highlight the final cost of the project at an early stage. Essentially it is used for planning the entire project and helps during the execution phase (Akintoye and Fitzgerald, 2000). It has been pointed out that the building cost of the project usually differs from the estimated final cost and this is due to the variations (Oberlender and Trost,
As more companies that are leading technology are transforming from the traditional waterfall development model to an Agile software methodology, requirements engineering provides a process for software engineers to understand the problems they need to solve (Martin, Newkirk, & Koss, 2014). It is of key importance to understand the customer 's wants and needs before beginning designing or building the computer-based solution, as developing a solution that ignores the customer’s needs provides value to none of the parties involved. Thus, the intent of requirements engineering is to produce a written understanding of the customer 's problem (Pressman, 2010). Work products that are available to communicate this understanding include user scenarios, function and feature lists, analysis models, and specifications. This paper provides an evaluation of requirement patterns, an assessment of problem solving techniques most effective, a descriptive explanation of the patterns that includes a visual taxonomy, and an explanation of how the patterns identified are related.
In general, there are different types of procurement type for various situations due to no one method can be suitable under the all different construction project. In this case, there are four procurement paths, which are traditional, design and build, management and design and manage, will be advised to use. However, each method has different aspects of advantages and disadvantages.