Introduction
Maritime trade and transport can be construed to be the oldest forms of globalisation and has since then grown into an industry. Currently over 90% of the world trade has been done by the maritime industry. Nations such as UK, US, China, Greece and the like have thrived on their maritime strength to become world powers.
In order to make the industry, with its large scale and complexity, as efficient as possible there is a necessity for policy and governance. The industry spans over multiple jurisdictions where each jurisdiction have their own impact on the industry. Therefore the requirement for regulations and governance pertaining to the markets, environment, safety, security and taxation is very high in order to reduce the cost burden. The advent of policies have made the shipping industry the most cost efficient method of transporting goods overseas.
Policy makers make policies keeping in mind the level at which and the context in which such should be made. A few of the important contexts kept in mind when doing so are as follows (Roe, 2002):
1. Economic: The general economic situation, changes in currency strengths, the impact of developing nations, economic policies developed in maritime nations, amongst many other examples provide several implications on the shipping policies being developed. The area is extremely broad but an important consideration when making policies
2. Legal: Legislation has always been an area of concern to policy makers. Vessels not only have to meet with legal requirements and regulation of the home countries but also with international and supranational law. Such as IMO regulations on 'safety, seafarer training and environmental protection' (Roe, 2002, p. 503). Other such e...
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...London: Informa Professional.
Roe, M. (2008). Safety, Security, The Environment And Shipping – The Problem Of Making Effective Policies. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 263-269.
Sletmo, G. K. (2002). The Rise And Fall Of National Shipping Policies. In C. T. Grammenos, The Handbook of Maritime Economics and Business (pp. 472-473). London: Informa Professional.
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Veiga, J. P. (2001, January). A study of the implementation of STCW95 in the context of a safety culture in shipping. Thesis. Cardiff, Wales: Cardiff University.
Sharing borders with major maritime routes, Sweden also has important seaports. Its rich maritime history also facilitated the development of the Swedish shipbuilding industry. Sweden has the second largest shipbuilding industry in the 1960s and 1970s until Japan outperformed and surpassed Sweden. Various factors contributed to the decli...
During the early 1900s, the primary missions of the Coast Guard was the “saving of life and property at sea…protection of the revenues…and military readiness” (Willoughby 21). When the importation and sale of alcohol was banned, the Coast Guard faced the problem of heavily patrolling over 6,000 miles of coastline (Canney 3). In 1923, Commandant William Reynolds called for an enlargement of the service, because the “present force was able to ‘prevent only a small part’ of the illegal traffic” (Canney 6). The addition of 203 cabin cruiser motorboats and 91 small motor boats, as well as 3500 additional personnel resulted in a price tag of $14 million (Canney
As sea ice begins to melt, opportunity in sea transportation strikes as an interesting topic for the Canadian economy. Wintertime shipping has proven to be difficult in the Canadian arctic, due to heavier and thicker ice (Fergal & Prowse, 2007). Summertime has always been a preferable season for sea transportation partially due to the softened ice, and the amount of daylight produced, compared to wintertime darkness (Ferg...
Ocean shipping probably will meet with the pirates, which could lead to economic losses. Technology How to make the vessel keep efficiency by using less fuel, so company could cut the cost. Environment Wrecking on a rock, meeting with tsunami or rainstorm and so on when sailing. o Five – Forces • Threat of new entrants Low, because of high capital demand. Power of suppliers High, because of the vessels manufacturing, fuel price, and labor cost because these factors are all have no substitutes.
Grouchier, C & Walton, L. 2013. The maritime world: The Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean World. Vol 2. London & New York.
Bersani, C., & Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Technologies and Methodologies for Risk Management in the Global Transport of Dangerous Goods. (2008). Advanced technologies and methodologies for risk management in the global transport of dangerous goods. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Although merchant ships spend most of their lifetime outside the territorial waters, the current international maritime legal regime is ironically revolved around nationality of the vessel. Every vessel engaged in international trade must register in a country and is subjected to the regulatory control of that country whose flag it flies as per the existing international maritime law. Resultantly, any country has the right to allow a vessel to fly its national flag and to therefore bestow its nationality upon that vessel. When a vessel owner registers a vessel with a nation, the owner agrees to abide by that nation’s law and regulations of that ‘flag state’ in return for protection and the right of its vessel to be of that sovereign state. A system commonly known as “Flags of Convenience” (FOC) has developed, in which commercial vessels register in countries with “open registries” and consequently the ships contain practically no link at all to the flag states in which they are registered.
Steve McKay is the safety manager for SEA, Inc., a company that manufactures a wide range of agricultural products, including herbicides, pesticide, and fertilizers. Since he took the job, Steve has worked long hours to improve the company safety record and he has become a model for how to get things done. Yet he feels that even more can be done to achieve a company-wide safety culture, and he has approached management with some of his ideas.
The authors try to emphasize the importance of new growth dynamics for containerization not just for being a transport unit but also as a supply or commodity chain unit as well. The group of authors also briefly explain that Containerized freight is commonly characterized by the movement of manufactured goods and parts from manufacturing facilities to retail activities with the whole range of distribution activities in between, such as terminals and distribution centers. The way containerized freight is used is a benefit in multiple ways from the space flexibility to movement of goods shown in terms of distribution efficiency. Containerization dynamics has for some time relied on a variety of factors that are noted as being derived volume linked with globalization, the substitution of break-bulk traffic into
The freight rate is the price of the carrier that pays by the charterer or ship owner. Freight rate is compulsory and it is measures by the value of goods, point of destination and the travel distance due to land, air or ocean. Freight rate also include with the custom clearance process. It is demanded by the fluctuation of supply and demand, the bargaining power of shipper, the competitors with other logistic company and the availability or alternative of transport modes (lorry, train and ship) (The Challenges Facing The Maritime Transport Industry,
...li, Brita. "Defender of the Seas." E: The Environmental Magazine 23.1 (2012): 18-25. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
Illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, or pirate fishing, is a huge threat to the marine environment, it's bio diversity in food development is dependent on it. Losses due to pirate fishing are estimated to be between 10-23.5 billion U.S. dollars per year. Representing 11-26 million tons of fish. West African waters are estimated to have the highest levels of pirate fishing in the world. Fish is a crucial source of protein for millions of people. Fishing is the major coastal employment along the coast's. During a dramatic two year investigation, the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) has documented mass amounts of pirate fishing on the West Coast of Africa. Pirate fishermen are literally out of control. They are fishing in protected areas, destroying local fishermens nets and sabotaging them, hiding their names, and shipping their catch illegally at sea. They evade arrest, attack local fishermen, and abusing their own crews. The catches of these pirates have been entering the EU. the worlds largest import market for seafood. This is despite a new EU regulation. The regulation requires all fish imported into Europe to be accompanied by a catch certificate that asks for name, address, validating authority, fishing vessel name, license, and homeport. This is all declares that the catches have been declared legal.y 90% of the vessels documented by EJF fishing illegally are bottom trawlers. Bottom trawlers are are vessels that drag heavy nets across the sea bed catching all marine life in their path. Up to 75% of call the catches made on these vessels are dumped back into the sea, dead or dying. Fish is the principal source of protein for 2.9 billion people. But the United Nations recognizes 80% of the world's fisheries are e...
Bowermaster, Jon. Oceans: The Threats to Our Seas and What You Can Do to Turn the Tide: A Participant Media Guide. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010. Print.
One other peculiarity of a consecutive voyage charter is the time factor as it causes certain structural differences when it comes to costs and income. These contracts will contain bunker clauses or other clauses concerning cost
Maritime security traditionally focuses on maritime disputes, naval competition, Sea lines of communication (SLOCs), War at sea . The modern maritime securities after the cold war and 9/11 have been significantly changing and more complex, which is involving worldwide collaboration and mutual understanding .