Abstract- Due to the traffic accidents over the last few years; the development of surveillance systems with multifunctional techniques has received increasing attention. The use of the smart camera is one solution to solve the traffic problems, Smart cameras are cameras that can perform tasks far beyond simply taking photos and recording videos. Intelligent Traffic Surveillance System (ITSS) is used to monitor the roads in preventing accidents at the same time finding what causes the accidents. This is done by implementing some image vision protocols as that of Gaussian and Canny. This paper will discuss about the camera-video-surveillance capabilities of tracking across different and varied road environments including detection of moving vehicles. The programming method used will be the functional programming of OpenCV which could be operated under both, Windows and Linux OS. This paper will also examine the result of the combination of computer vision programming and the network socket programming under GNU Linux. At the end, this paper will attempt to address a discussion on design issues, challenges and the future directions of this research.
Keywords: Intelligent Traffic Surveillance System ITSS, Smart camera, Image vision, OpenCV, Socket programming, GNU/Linux
1. Introduction
Object recognition and detection is an important element of various computer vision fields. The basic goal is to find an object in static images or video frames. Most of the times, this task can be handled by extracting certain image features, such as edges, color regions, textures, contours, shapes ,etc. Then, some techniques are applied in order to find configurations and combinations of those features of the object that one wants to detect....
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...ystem. The systems have been checked with different processors speed ,2.6 GHz CPU processor, 2,2 GHz CPU processor and 1.2 GHz CPU processor the result is illustrated by table 1; note that the time average count in ms.
6. Conclusion
A traffic surveillance system designed to monitor the safety level of the highway or motorways and it able to be used in any background view also it works in rainy and sunny days even in the night ; vehicle detection algorithm was designed used both Canny and Gaussian protocols. The background real time updated and it useful for doing background subtraction, then the vehicles was accurately detected. A video vehicle detection system was developed under GNU-Linux with C programming using OpenCV function. The result as attach in this paper beyond the expectation as its purpose for traffic surveillance system.
The controversy that is around traffic cameras is a positive point into the safety of streets and the revenue that comes of people that fail to follow safety protocol. Traffic cameras have a characteristic that everyone is aware of, safety. Safety is the most important part, the traffic cameras leave officers free of stop light duties to emphasize more of their focus onto neighborhoods and other parts of a city. Traffic cameras are notorious for saving the lives of many people and reducing accidents, just in 2013, Insurance institute for highway safety has a study that showed a 24 percent decrease in red light accidents in larger cities. Cities have been af...
Surveillance cameras have evolved and have become more sophisticated over the years. With advanced technology cameras are now equipped with high definition imaging, audio, and even night vision. It is important for law enforcement to be equipped with this advanced technology when it comes to deterring and solving crimes. To explain, high definition cameras provide better image quality which makes it easier to provide officers, citizens, and the media with a distinctive description of the suspect or persons of interest. With this high quality imaging police are able to read words off a newspaper or a book from a light pole twenty feet away; this is a vital aspect that can help law enforcement officials with solving various types of crimes. Next, audio will help catch any verbal exchanges between the suspect and the victim. For example, if a gang affiliated subject was allegedly involved in an altercation with a rival gang member and are standing within a certain radius of the surveillance...
Once the camera has read the license plates that are in the proximity of the patrol vehicle, it will then compared the license plate numbers to a database that contains the license plates numbers of vehicles that have been stolen; license plates numbers of vehicles that are associated with people who have active warrants; and license plates numbers of vehicles that are associated with people who have not paid traffic tickets among others (Lum et al., 2011, pg. 322). If the camera reads a license plate number and it matches to one of the license plate numbers that are within the database, it will then send an alert to notify the patrol officer, which will allow the patrol officer to visually identify the vehicle and further investigate the vehicle and the persons that are within the vehicle if any (Lum et al., 2011, pg. 322). The whole process of the camera identification, matching to the database, and notifying the officer only takes seconds (Lum et al., 2011, pg. 322).
Surveillance is the monitoring of behaviour. In addition, surveillance system is the process of monitoring the behaviour of people, objects or processes within systems for conformity to expected or desired norms in trusted systems for security control (Cohen and Medioni, 1999). Video surveillance systems have existed 25 years ago whereby it started with 100% analogue system and gradually becoming digital system. The closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera is the most popular video surveillance because of its reliability and low price. The camera does not broadcast images but it records them, so that user can always check to see what occurred while they were away. It is widely used at public spaces and residences for security purposes.
My interest in satellite surveillance did not really appear to after I saw the movie "Enemy of the State" in 1998. The synopsis of the movie is: Robert Dean (Will Smith) is a labor lawyer who is unknowingly in possession of evidence related to a serious politically motivated crime. Government agents eager to hide their guilt believe that Dean is on to them, and proceed to turn his life upside-down, ruin his reputation, and frame him for various incidents, thanks to the latest in high-tech government surveillance techniques. In an attempt to clear his name and reclaim his life, Dean teams up with the reclusive Brill (Gene Hackman), a former federal employee who has as much high-tech equipment and expertise as the government itself. Smith scores as a man who is desperate to reclaim his identity and prove his innocence. This intense technological thrill-ride from director Tony Scott questions how much access the government should have to the communications of private citizens, and leaves the viewer with the unsettling feeling that Big Brother is definitely watching. After this movie I was amazed that we have the capability in our hands to do this. I have two scenes from the movie that show the technology at work.
The computer processor is the brain of the system. Our client requires a heavy punch, multi tasking brain. Due to his low income and student status, he does not have a large budget to put towards his computer. The AMD AthlonXP 1900 was chosen because of it's low cost and it's higher performance rating than that of the higher priced equivalent Pentium 4. The AMD AthlonXP 1900's speed is 1.6GHz. This means 1600Hz, which is a very fast processor. Amazingly, the clock speed of this processor is faster, albeit barely, than the Pentium 4 2.0GHz processor, and is much cheaper as well. This is important, as, for less cash, our student can afford a better processor.
Have you ever looked up while in a public place and noticed a camera watching you? While some people may be alarmed, others feel a sense of safety and protection. Electronic surveillance consists of cameras in public places to watch over the city streets or parks. Their purpose is to allow policemen and the state government to know when crime is happening and where in the city. Cameras provide a great advantage of protection over just having police officers patrol the cities. These men and women cannot be everywhere at one time, but the cameras can. Electronic surveillance should be accepted worldwide because it can identify criminals and decrease crime in cities.
The large width Gaussian masks are not preferred as detector's sensitivity to noise is low and moreover, the localization error in the detected edges also increases with increase in Gaussian mask width. Step 2:- After the initial pre-processing steps of smoothening and removal of noise, the edge strength is calculated by taking the gradient of the image. For the purpose of edge detection in an image, the Sobel operator first performs a 2-D spatial gradient measurement with the help of convolution masks. The convolution masks used are of the size 3X3, where one is used to calculate the horizontal gradient(Gx) while the other is used to calculate the vertical gradient(Gy). Then, the approximate absolute edge strength can be calculated at each point.
People around the world are constantly moving from place to place. Whether that place is work, a restaurant, or home, people require a means of transportation in order to arrive at a desired destination safely and efficiently. One of the most used means of transportation today are cars. Cars play an important role in the world’s economy by transporting goods and people. Automobiles have come a long way since Ford’s first Model T, and the auto industry plans to further enhance the technology and capabilities of the cars that drive on our roads. New technological advancements like rear-view camera, self parking, and auto braking have greatly improved the overall safety of cars today. However, one of the most talked about ideas are autonomous
Nowadays as the technologies of car are developing faster and faster, this scenario involving of autonomous cars may not be as far as we think. On June 29, 2011 Nevada was a first state of the United States to pass a law permitting the autonomous car to drive in Nevada, and the first license of an autonomous car was issued by the Nevada Department of Moto Vehicles in May 2012. So far the Google Driverless Cars, the most popular autonomous cars in the United States, have been tested by Google Inc. over 300,000 miles on the city streets, mountain roads, and busy highways in many different weather conditions. To the topic of autonomous cars, most of us believe that autonomous cars will bring us huge benefits. However, there is a question of whether it is a good idea to promote autonomous cars in our daily lives. Whereas some argue that promoting autonomous car might cause problems such as the loss of millions ...
The system were trained with training data set, and validated with validating data set to find the best network architecture. The cross-validation technique was implemented with training data set, validating data set, and test set. The experiments show consistency results with accurate classifications of traffic sign patterns with complex background images. The processing time in each frame of image is provided which is satisfied to apply in the real application
“Each light has a different preset wavelength designed to detect hair, fibers, and body fluids at crime scenes, these lights allow a crime scene to be processed faster and more thoroughly than ever before.” This technology is speedy and can help locate the whereabouts of criminals. The use of in-car camera systems has become very popular, especially by law enforcement. These cameras are used to record traffic stops and road violations of civilians. “From the time the first in-car cameras were installed to document roadside impaired-driving sobriety tests, the cameras have captured both intended and unintended video footage that has established their value. Most video recordings have resulted in convictions; many provide an expedited means to resolve citizen complaints, exonerate officers from accusations, and serve as police training videos.” Photo enforcement systems helps to maintain road safety by “automatically generating red light violations and/or speeding summons and as a result to greatly improve safety for the motoring public.” (Schultz,
I initially turned to night vision, initially this sounds nice, but after some thought on the basic principles of how night vision works, I decided against it for several reason.
Processor speeds are measured in megahertz (MHz) and now come in speeds of up to 1000 MHz (1 GHz), which is very fast. This is almost ten times faster than the speed of most home computers, which average from 133 MHz to 166 MHz. Intel and AMD have been in a race to break the 1 GHz speed barrier, and the number of megahertz in the newest processors is not as significant as it was in earlier processors. For example, the difference between a 133 MHz processor and a 166 MHz processor is
Since surveillance cameras have been invented for security reasons at shopping malls and stores they have also been place in public areas such as stoplights, parking lots, hallways, bus stops, and more.