Intellectual Disability-Russian Culture
Intellectual disability is defined by the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) as “a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18” (2013). To understand this definition, one will need to understand what exactly intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior are. Intellectual functioning is also known as intelligence, and includes general mental capacity, like problem solving, learning, reasoning, etc. Intellectual functioning can be determined using an IQ test, in which scores of 75 or below
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A person with an ID will most often encounter complications when trying to communicate; this is where an AAC device comes in. Those with ID have an idiosyncratic way of communicating that can sometimes be difficult for others to comprehend, making communicating limited to certain partners, but with the appropriate supports, an individual with ID can live and communicate within their environment as normally and as successfully as their peers without a disorder (Beukelman & Mirenda, …show more content…
(2002). The epidemiology of mental retardation: challenges and opportunities in the new millennium. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review 8:117-1134. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/144/
Lukas, Rimas, MD. "Department of Pediatrics." Intellectual Disability. EBSCO Publishing. (2014). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from http://pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/intellectual-disability#treatment
Murphy CC, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Decoufle P, Drews CD. (1995). The administrative prevalence of mental retardation in 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1985 through 1987. American Journal of Public Health 85:319-323. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/144/
Sigafoos, J., Schlosser, R., & Sutherland, D. (2008). Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/50/
World Health Organization. (2001). The world heath report 2001-mental illness: New understanding, new hope. Geneva: Author. Retrieved November 23, 2014, from
Chapter thirteen has two subject matter that it discusses in some detail, mental illness and developmental disabilities. This review will be exploring the history, philosophy and theories of developmental disabilities. Social workers come in contact with many clients that have developmental disabilities, and the chapter gives a glimpse the history, problems, and theories related to developmental problems. Chapter thirteen explores the issues of dealing with developmental disabilities in the past and what is being done today to help social workers face the issues.
Providing appropriate public education to qualified students has been federally mandated since 1975, but is still a challenging and often controversial matter in which the public has voiced concern. One reason for which the public’s concern has been provoked is that it is reported in low-incidence categories such as deafness or blindness, which is usually diagnosed by medical professionals, there is no indications of disproportion (Donovan and Cross, 1). Instances in which there are higher proportions of minority students occurs more so in the high-incidence categories of mental retardation (MMR), emotional disturbance (ED), and...
Taylor, Steven J. "The continuum and current controversies in the USA." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 26.1 (2001): 15-33. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2011.
Furthermore, this documentary changed several ideas in my mind about these people who cannot communicate and speak. Before I see this video, I did not think that they can communicate as normal people. I thought that they can only speak and answer easy questions. However, this documentary showed me that these individuals with AAC devices can live, work, and communicate normally. They have the chance to achieve many goals in their lives better than normal individuals. The AAC systems do not just allow them to speak and meet their basic needs. However, these AAC systems affect their educations, financial, and professions. I also realized that they have an important role in their societies as normal people. Furthermore, I believe that the professionals such as Bruce Baker, Katya Hill and Barry Romich who contributed in making the AAC systems are genius. They created something for individuals who have communication disabilities to allow them to function as normal people. They gave them the way to communicate and live the normal
"Mental Retardation." Council for Exceptional Children. 2011. Council for Exceptional Children. 27 Sept. 2011 .
Patricia Bauer was a former Washington post reporter and one of the founders of the UCLA, a school for young adults with intellectual disabilities, although she gains most of her knowledge on the topic from raising a daughter with Down Syndrome. This article was originally published in The Washington Post, one of the most circulates newspapers in America. When this article came out in August of 2008, two major things were happening concerning mental disabled people. The first was a movie that came out
Sack, J.L. (1999). Schools advised to catch, treat disabilities as early as possible. Education Week, 18, 7. Received April 16, 2005 from EBSO-host.
Mental retardation was renamed Intellectual Disability in the DSM-5. This was to guide away from relying on IQ test scores for the diagnosis of mental retardation and to try and rely more on day to day tasks that one should be doing for their age and cultural lifestyle. There are four levels of mental retardation, mild, moderate, severe, and profound. (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011). The least severe of them is the mild mental retardation. Children...
Marshall, C. A., Kendall, E., Banks, M. E., & Gover, R. S. (2009). Disabilities Vol. 2. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
Some characteristics of DS are: deep folds at the corners of the eyes, hypotonia, short stature, flexible joints, small oral cavity and heart defects (Taylor, Richards, & Brady, 2005). Most individuals with DS have a moderate intellectual disability, although there is a range of disability, from severe to high functioning (IQ above 70). Since DS is a birth defect and not a disease, there are no treatment options. Improvement can be made through physicians, special education, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and psychol...
Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, by Dillenburger, K., and Keenan M., published in 2009, summarized Nov 19, 2009
More methods have been developed to assist in the identification and diagnosis of disabilities. Professionals are beginning to understand what might have caused a child to develop their disability. The more that is learned, the better I can help m y students with these disabilities. Knowledge helps create strategies individualized to the student. Even in the past ten years, there has been much advancement in the assessment and monitoring of these students. They are being seen as people and not their diagnosis. Many are held at the same stan...
Rubin, I. L., & Crocker, A. C. (2006). Medical care for children & adults with developmental disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub.
specific learning disabilities in the United States of America. The Journal of International Association of Special Education, 10(1), 21-26.
In society today, there are many children and parents who face the diagnosis of having a developmental disability that would qualify them for special education and needs. This time can come with many questions for the parents when they realize the specialized care and education their child will need. Most often, questions arise about their schooling and how they will be included with other children, as well as what services are available to their child. How their disability impacts their life is a very valid concern because their education will be impacted. When a disability is discovered, it effects trickle down from the child to the parents, to the teachers and finally the medical and educational specialists.