Ottorino Respighi (1879-1936) is a well-known Italian composer, pianist, conductor, and music educator. His music was influenced by the brighter colors of Rimsky‐Korsakov and Strauss, and his symphonic poems are notable for their brilliant and luscious scoring. During his study in Russia, he learned orchestration from Rimsky-Korsakov, who significantly influenced Respighi’s orchestration. As a twentieth-century composer, Respighi’s tonal compositions seem to be out of fashion compared with other composers in the same stage, such as Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Bartok, Webern, etc. He was seldom attracted by the more self-consciously innovative musical trends of the time; however, he energized the traditional tonal music to develop to the various ways. For example, he is the first composer who uses the prerecorded tape in live performance in his symphonic poem Pines of Rome. Additionally, the instrumentation of works places them in the forefront of music of popular concerts, and has no doubt done much to raise the standard of orchestration and orchestras in Italy. In Fountains of Rome, Respighi finds new ways to portray his subject matter musically, which results in an innovative work in the genre of the symphonic poem.
Fountains of Rome, as the fist piece of his most famous and representative three roman symphonic pomes, was composed in 1916 and premiered by Antonio Guarnieri in March 11, 1917. Respighi in this composition musically depicts the sight of each of four fountains in a certain time period, that is, “The Fountain of Valle Giulia at Dawn”, “The Triton Fountain in the Morning”, “The Trevi Fountain at Noon”, and “The Villa Medici Fountain at Sunset”. When we refer to the symphonic poem, its features will come to our mind...
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Fontana DI Trevi is known as the largest fountain and also known as the world ‘s most famous fountain in Rome’s. The total height of Trevi Fountain is about 25.9 meters (85 feet), and the total width is 19.8 meters (65 feet), is the largest global of Baroque fountain. Trevi Fountain was completed in 1762. The builder who builds this fountain is the eighteen – century whose name as Nicolo Salvi. He spent thirty years to complete this fountain. It's located in the center of Rome, so the “Trevi” is the meaning of the three ways. And also “Trevi” can be “Trevio”, because three roads was in one place. The Trevi Fountain represented the one of the symbols of Rome. This fountain is using the returned back of victory of the Neptune as a theme. Beside of the Neptune had two different Mermen is pulled by two horses. The water of the fountain is represented life and healthy.
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For many years, American musical theatre was defined as being mere entertainment for the people. It ranged from operetta, burlesque, vaudeville, and more. If there is one towering figure in the history of American Musical Theater, that person is Oscar Hammerstein II. He was a lyricist-librettist, as well as a distinguished poet and director. For over forty years, as the theatre’s forms of entertainment shifted, he helped merge everything into the art form known today as the musical. Born twenty-three years after Hammerstein, came Alan Jay Lerner. Idolizing Hammerstein’s work, he would grow to become another distinguished lyricist-librettist in musical theatre history. In this paper, we will look deeper at who these lyricists are and their writing style. Then we will examine one of each of their works and factors that fueled their creation.
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The three pieces in the Etude were at first were called “Trois caprices poetiques,” which means “Three concert studies,” and their names were Il Lamento, La Leggierezza and Un Sospiro (Feiner). The pieces were written between the years 1845 to 1849 and were de...
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