1.0 Introduction to Malaysian Policing
The existence of police in Malaysia has achieved 200 years age which began with effective Charter of Justice (Piagam Keadilan) in Penang in year 1807. Nevertheless, it has been started during the Malay Sultanate era which at that time the role of police officer carried by the Temenggong. Modern and systematic police institution establishment have started in Penang on 25 March 1807 which became starting point to emergence of police force in this country. The term police had been introduced when the Dutch conquered Malacca. Since then, the roles of police became important in order to protect and help the administrator manage the country. Now, the Malaysian Police known as Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) or Police DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM) which help the government to control and maintain the security and safety of Malaysian citizens.
1.1 History of Policing in Malaysia
The Malaysian policing history recorded to be started in 1807 at Penang with the proclamation of the Charter of Justice. However, the role of police has been identified during the Malay Sultanate which at that time, they already have their own set of laws and were currently practiced. The laws practiced were then focused on customary laws or Islamic laws 'syariah' while enforcement was carried out by the “Temenggong” which can be considered as the police officer. Temenggong was appointed by the king to take care of the port, to solve the problem of crime, markets, roads, towns, weights and measures, required to monitor the prison inspection, be fair, looking for followers of the trust and consult with them. Besides that, the headman had their own “police force" which responsible to collect taxes and enforce laws and protect the ...
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The duties of a police officer are to ensure that there is maintenance of public peace and order. In order to perform their duties and obligations they require certain powers, authority in order to perform their duties and this extends the power to arrest. This paper focuses on the decision of the court in DPP v Carr, the amendments on Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act (LEPRA) section 99 and a critical evaluation of statements made by Sentas and Cowdery.
The police corruption is identified and categorize by Barker and Carter. They propose that police abuse of authority comes in three different
1.Sarah Andrews. Country Reports: An International Survey of Privacy Laws and Development. Electronic Privacy Information Center. Washington, DC, US. 146-158. 2002
SIR ROBERT PEEL- The founder of the British system of policing, expanded in 1822, “The basic mission for which the police exist is to reduce crime and disorder” 162. Importance- Peel laid the foundation for the police mission statement, which is still in effect today.
Police officers serve and protect the people in their community. The earliest police force was established around the 1750’s. Although the first police force in the modern sense came to be over 250 years ago, the purpose they had is the same as today. As with the rest of the world advancing and progressing, the police force has advanced in many ways which have made them a more efficient and capable unit, in order to more fully accomplish their purpose of serving their community. In the next few paragraphs you will learn how training, equipment, work environment and techniques have changed and evolved in the police force.
This textbook shared valuable information regarding the history of the criminal justice system, and more specifically the history of the police in America and England. It was most valuable for its discussion about Sir Robert Peel and his reforms to policing.
Police Officers are members of Law Enforcement whose primary responsibilities are to protect citizens and their properties, deter crime while ensuring the rights of equality and justice for all (8). It is the responsibility of Police officers to deter crime in an ethical manner by adequately patrolling their assigned beats and promoting public relations on a persistent basis. Police officers are compensated to uphold the law by removing the freedom, reputations and lives of those whom violate or attempt to violate the law (5). Although, police officers have immense authority they shall not use their position for personal or financial gain nor to evade the law (5). Police officers should conduct themselves in a professional manner with the utmost
Since English colonizers were the first to establish an extravagant, European society in North America, it is unsurprising that many of the aspects of the American administration of justice stemmed from its mother country. In England, law enforcement was an unorganized mess until the year 1200 (Schmalleger 137). The police system remained static from 1285 to 1829, until when Sir Robert Peel instituted the modern police force (Schmalleger 139). However, early American law enforcement was bound to be different, due to the differences of American and English life and environment. In the beginning of the colonial law enforcement, towns and cities inaugurated versions of the English day ward and night watch, but these processes did not remain in place for long (Schmalleger 139).
Crank & Caldero (2004) discuss the notion of the noble cause that is widely used by police officers to justify their actions. Police officers feel that there are many obstacles that prevent them to do their job efficiently. They claim that courts only hinder the process of putting criminals behind bars. They also believe that they are true patriots with a noble cause of getting rid of bad guys. To further prove their point Crank & Caldero (2004) use works of many authors, who wrote about police ethics and corruption and about how the noble cause is interpreted by police officers. Each of the authors discusses a dilemma with which polices officers have to deal when deciding what action they need to take in order to deal with criminals. Cumulatively, it seems that police conduct themselves towards criminals and citizens with hostility and with actions that maybe constituted as unlawful and corruptive in nature. But to the police officers, who are seeking justice and are driven by a noble cause, all means are good to get the bad guys. There is also a philosophical twist that puts a poli...
In many years there has been a debate about procedural justice, policing community and communication in policing. Each of this topic is extremely important for the police to follow in order to maintain the community safe and build trust within the community. Police legitimacy is also important for the police to build a good relationship with the public. This essay analysis on what is procedural justice, community policing, and communication in policing and how each of this topic contribute to the legitimacy of police within the community. Each of this top is extremely important for police officer to be aware in order to effectively deal with any issue and build relationships with the community.
The need for the police and the public to work together was recognized as far back as the 19th century. In 1829, the Metropolitan Police of London was established by Sir Robert Peel. Peel worked in many areas of government during his career striving to pass legislation to reform child labor laws and other statutes to help protect working Londoners. However, he is recalled by many as the “Founder of Modern Policing” (Jones, 2004). During his time as British Home Secretary, Peel took on lowering London’s rising crime rate, in addition to reforming the criminal code of the time. Peel’s police force was uniformed and its members were taken from the people it served. He believed this, along with strict discipline, was a key to keeping law and order in the streets of London (Jones, 2004).
American law enforcement agencies are based off the English models which began in the early 1800’s. In 1829, the English Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act (Walker, 1983). Sir Robert Peel who has been credited as the father of modern policing introduced this act to Parliament (Walker, 1983). This act established the London Metropolitan Police which was the model for American policing. This method of policing incorpor...
The finding of this report are based on four different factors for different factor for analysis of personal data protection and personal data privacy. The first is current regulations, which ……
Corruption in law enforcement has been a nationwide problem for many years. Not only is corruption held in one level of law enforcement, but throughout the three levels including the state, local and federal. The formation of the first police departments were the model by the early english society. The early years of policing began to contribute various forms of misconduct from police officers. Soon thereafter, Sir Robert peel established early modern policing which influenced the colonial america policing to the english society. Yet, even after following the model of other countries of law enforcement, Colonial America corruption still continued. In the mid 1800's, corruption continued to widely affect society as a whole. It was until August Vollmer, who marked the contribution of professionalism to policing, that a notable difference began to diminish corruption. Misconduct occurs at all policing levels and continues to spread worldwide. The most common types of corruption are bribes, kickbacks, shakedowns, opportunistic theft, physical abuse, protection of illegal activities and physical abuse. These types of corruption are seen throughout all levels of law enforcement. Corruption is more prominent among higher ranking officers. Not only is misconduct found among those holding higher positions, but it is also seen in rookies who are just entering law enforcement. Corruption is induced not only from individual corrupt officers or chiefs, but occurs as a result of inadequate leadership structures and administrative policies. Eliminating reducing misconduct must be done by demonstrating integrity, better organization within the policies, stricter recruitment and training.
Police force has always been an indispensible appendage of the state organization in almost all the civil societies of the world. Of late the duties of