Salah al-Din Yusuf was born in Tikrite, Iraq in 1138. He is known today as Saladin. His father, Ayyub, was promoted to the Head of Damascus Militia. Saladin was raised in the center stage of where the main political decisions regarding the Crusades were made. With his religion and education his reputation grew for his politics and leadership over the militia and his people. With these Saladin would hold many positions in government and military, and he would eventually conquer Jerusalem and defeat the third crusade.
In the Middle Ages life expectancies were low so men were given responsibilities early in their adulthood. Saladin got married at the age of fourteen and was sent to his uncle Shirkuh, a senior command officer of the military establishment in Aleppo. Once he learned his military lessons at the hands of his uncle he was made an assistant to him in an expedition to rescue Egypt from an invasion by Amalric in 1164. They were successful in defending Egypt but were led back in 1169 to defend it once again. The difference in this expedition is that he was second-comma...
Saladin’s forces took Jerusalem from Christian control which resulted in a call for another crusade. Three kings, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, King Phillip II of France, and King Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) led this crusade but accomplished little.
In 1961 James Baldwin met Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam movement at the time. Baldwin’s experience within the Christian Church prior to his meeting with Elijah helped him analyze the Nation of Islam. This also allowed him to draw parallels between the Nation of Islam movement and the Christian Church. How James Baldwin understood the way the Christian Church worked, and a close look at the Nation of Islam, brings to light the credibility of organized religions.
The first man, named Abu Bakr, many people believed he was a good candidate because he was an old friend and was one of the first ones to convert to Islam. Yet others believed that Ali Talib was the best choice because he was a cousin and a son-in-law to the prophet. The disputes between the two groups of people would lead to a split; the followers of Abu Bark became the Sunnis and the followers of Ali became the Shia. In the end, the majority of people decided to choose Abu Bark and he became Islam’s first caliph. Abu Bark was Muhammad’s caliph for only two years until he died; even though it was a short period of time, he accomplished big things.
had to pick a new leader. He chose the Duke of Medina Sidonia. He was
By during this it is believed the he pushed the Muslim culture, religion forcefully through war and forceful behavior. Damascus became the capital city for the Umayyad dynasty, with expansion through the India and Iberian Peninsula. Through this expansion of the Byzantine and Sassanid Empires, he became aware that there was a struggle within him between those that were non Arab and Arab. Those that were not Arab were forced out of their community’s and not allowed to own land, marry Arabs. He even gave Arabs a monthly paycheck from the government to further the social gap between the two Muslim groups.
Beginning not too long after the failure of the Second Crusade, the Third Crusade (also known as the Kings' Crusade) spanned from 1189 to 1192. It's purpose was to reclaim the Holy Land from Saladin, and was largely successful, and the European leaders managed to capture the cities Acre and Jaffa, as well undo the majority of Saladin's previous conquests. However, it was unable to capture Jerusalem, the key motivation to the Crusades. The key figures in this Crusade were Richard I of England (also known as Richard the Lionhearted), King Philip II of France, and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
So the third crusade consisted of four leaders Saladin of the Muslim people, King Richard I of England, Pope Gregory VIII and the not well known King Philip II of France. The pope said that he wanted King
In Islam leadership is a necessity. The Prophet (Salallahu alayhi wa selam) has said many things about the importance of leaders. Muhammad (Salalahu alayhi wa selam) explained why people should stick under one rule instead of dividing their nations if they dislike a leader. A leader has a great responsibility on him to guide and protect his people. The Prophet (Salalahu alayhi wa selam) also mentioned that although people should follow their leaders, they shouldn’t do it blindly, especially if the leaders’ commands are against Allah’s commands. There is also evidence in hadeeths that Prophet Muhammad (Salalahu alayhi wa selam) has said that righteous leaders are held very highly by Allah and are one of the people in Jenna.
In Across the Centuries, Saladin is given power as ruler by the caliph. According to Elizabeth Hallam, "[Saladin] abolished the Fatimid caliphate and brought Egypt under the rule of the powerful sultan, [and when Nur ad-Din and his son died], Saladin made himself uncontested ruler of a unified Muslim Levant"(156). The information of how Saladin rose to power came incorrect from the lesson. There is not much said in the lesson about Saladin and none of his background is mentioned in the text. Once again the only the Western European viewpoint is portrayed to the readers.
Elijah Muhammad, son of a sharecropper, was born into poverty in Sandersville, Georgia, on October 7, 1897 (biography.com). After moving to Detroit in 1923, he met W. D. Fard, founder of the black separatist movement Nation of Islam (biography.com). Muhammad became Fard’s successor from 1934-75 and was known for his controversial preaching (biography.com). Muhammad faced many challenges during his life span. He declared that Fard had been an incarnation of Allah and that he himself was now Allah’s messenger (biography.com). For forty-one year’s Muhammad spread the word of the Nation of Islam, slowly but steadily attracting new members (biography.com). Muhammad built the religion from a small fringe group into a large and complex organization that attracted controversy along with its new prominence (biography.com).
There are two declarations of faith in Islam: That there is only one God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God. In Memories of Muhammad, Omid Safi explores the ways in which Muhammad – both the historical and spiritual Muhammad – is remembered, commemorated, and contested by Muslims throughout the centuries. Safi focuses on the movements and moments in Muhammad’s life and after his death that for many Muslims best exemplify the teachings of Islam. He succeeds in opening up the dialogue to correct the negative portrayals of Muhammad and the religion of Islam, calling it a “Muhammad problem” in his introduction. Furthermore, he provides a book that is accessible and intelligible to both Muslims and non-Muslims, drawing from historical and spiritual sources, and addresses relevant issues contested between Muslims in relation to other religions, presenting Muhammad as a historical figure and one who is beloved by the Umma.
Islam the complete ‘surrender to Allah’ is a living religious tradition with the principal belief in one God – Allah. Islam has remained the same in its principle beliefs of Allah, His Angels, His Prophets, His Books, The Last Day and his complete authority over destiny and has also changed over time to ensure that Islam remains a living religious tradition. Over its history Islam has had many significant people including Al Ghazali and Aisha Bint Abu Bakr who have ensured that Islam remains living in the hearts and minds of its adherents. In addition to significant individuals participation in the Five Pillars e.g. the Hajj ensure that Islam will continue to be the living religious tradition that it is.
Osama Bin Laden was born into Muslim family on the 10th of March, 1957 Osama’s full name is Osama Bin Mohammed Bin Awed Bin Laden. This stands for “Osama, son of Mohammed, son of Awed, son of Laden. His birth place is in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and the place of his death was in Abottabad Pakistan. Osama was raised under a strict Islam family. He was one of 50 children and he was the seventh born. Osama’s father died in a plane crash when Osama was just 10 years old. Bin Laden had been persuaded into the Muslim brotherhood at the age of 14. He studied/Practiced religion in most of his time, but he was also an avid reader.
During the seventh century Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdallah spread his teachings around the Arabian Peninsula, who previously had very few feelings towards a religion or a higher power. He was born in Mecca, now the city that all Muslims must make a pilgrimage to during their lifetime. At the age of 40, he began to experience spiritual dreams and visions all pointing towards the belief that there is “only one, all-powerful God.” Because of his attempt to spread the belief system he reigned to be true, he was kicked out of his birth land and traveled to other places attempting to spread the word of Allah. After 23 years of receiving these messages from Allah he memorized and recited them which his followers wrote down and were later incorporated in the Quran, the holy book of Islam. In 622, Muhammad moved to Yathrib, there he converted the individual tribes to an integrated populace following his teachings. The impact made on these people caused Yathrib to be known as “the Prophet’s City.” Once Islam became prominent enough he was allowed back into Mecca and not only was he unbanned but he was welcomed with open arms.
The Islamic Empire had a wide influence and great power. It gained large amounts of information from the other nations it conquered. With this information, the Islamic Empire was able to make many great contributions to society. Of the Islamic achievements, those in science and math, education, and art still affect us today and are the most important.