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Dante's inferno critical analysis
Dante's inferno critical analysis
Dante's inferno critical analysis
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In The Inferno Dante’s Immortal Drama of a Journey Through Hell is a work written by Dante Alighieri. In this work, Dante allows the reader to experience his every move. His art of language, sensitivity to the surroundings of nature, and his knowledge allow him to capture and draw the attention of the reader. In Canto 6, the Gluttons; Canto 13, Suicide, and Canto 23, the Hypocrite is where you see Alighieri do his best work. He excels in portraying the supernatural world of hell. In each canto, Dante combines his art of language with his sensitivity to nature to set the stage. He then reinforces the image with examples that call upon his knowledge.
Through his perfected art of language, the writer allows the reader to see what he sees, to hear what he hears, and to feel what he feels, and thus experience his sensitivity to the sights and sounds of nature. This way both the writer and reader are now in harmony with one another.
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He has a vast knowledge of Greek mythology. He uses this knowledge to perfectly paint the picture of the Gluttons. He does this because he knows his audience will be able to recognize and relate with these mythical creatures. Dante shows this when he introduces Cerberus to stand guard over the gluttons. Cerberus is a three-headed man-beast from Greek mythology. His three heads and his indulgence to mock the victims make him the perfect creature. He then displays his knowledge of the history of the society when he asks of Ciacco “Farinata and Tegghiaio, men of good blood, Jacopo Rusticucci, Arrigo, Mosca, and the other who set their hearts on doing good where are they now whose high deeds might be-gem the crown of kings?” (Alighieri). If Dante Alighieri had not been so familiar with Greek mythology, he would not have been able to use specific names. By the end of Canto 6, the reader is allowed a complete understanding and visual of his
Canto V of Dante's Inferno begins and ends with confession. The frightening image of Minos who «confesses» the damned sinners and then hurls them down to their eternal punishment contrasts with the almost familial image of Francesca and Dante, who confess to one another. In a real sense confession seems to be defective or inadequate in Hell. The huddled masses who declare their sins to Minos do so because they are compelled to declare or make manifest in speech the character of their offenses and although they confess everything (each soul «tutta si confessa», v. 8) it is not an admission of guilt prompted by true contrition or the timely desire to reform their lives. In Hell confession is a formal ritual that is not especially «good» for the soul. This is a confession that serves only as a sign that identifies and seals their eternal fates. The brief and compressed description of Minos and his «offizio» would suggest that this confession of the sinners is largely a formal requirement full of sound and fury signifying only the level of their eternal degradation. Minos is not caught up in the sinners' confessions, and, indeed, Dante's concise description of the entire process of confession and judgment («dicono e odono e poi son giù volte», v. 15) is accomplished with dispatch and aesthetic distancing.1 Unlike Dante the wayfarer who will be moved to pity by Francesca's confession, Minos, the brutish judge, is not captivated by the texts provided by the sinners and seems to represent a fierce but orderly administration of justice. Within the moral architecture of the Commedia Francesca's own words identify and confirm the justice of her punishment, but as the structure a...
Thompson, Diane. “World Literature I (Eng 251): Dante's Inferno Study Guide.” Northern Virginia Community College. Last modified 2007. Accessed 30 September 2011. http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/eng251/dante.html
The Divine Comedy, written in the 14th century by Dante Alighieri, is a heroic epic. Throughout Dante’s literary work, he outlines his scientific understandings of the world, his political views and provides the reader with a moral compass and spiritual map of which to follow. This poem is written in three parts, Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradisio, each of which is broken down into individual cantos. Inferno includes 34 cantos, whereas Purgatrio and Paradiso each contain 33 cantos, however, the first canto of Inferno is really an introduction to the poem.
In Canto VI, Dante encounters Ciacco, a gluttonous sinner who reveals to Dante that the “good” (49, 71 & 72) men who Dante knew on earth now are now deep in the pit of “Hell” (49, 76). This contrast between how these men appeared on earth and where there are now, in hell, is also illustrated by Ciacco’s strong juxtaposition of Hell and earth through vibrant phrases such as “Their souls are among the blackest in Hell” (49, 76) and “earth’s sweet light” (49, 79). Through Ciacco’s dialogue, Dante the poet engrosses Dante the pilgrim in the horrors of hell while simultaneously reminding the him—and the audience—that he does not belong there. Dante is the only individual in hell who can return to earth, and the souls recognize that.
Dante’s classification of the sinners in the Inferno as inhuman is a phenomenon oft commented upon-- rightly so, for it is a prominent theme within both his work and Catholic theology as a whole. The similarities between beast and sinner are easy to grasp within the context of the Inferno, as Dante compares them both directly through metaphor and allegorically through the many mythological creatures populating Hell who represent of sin. Dante continues the relationship between sin and humanity throughout the underpinnings of the work as well. By using the pilgrim’s corporeality as a stand-in for his humanity and through the recognition of this aspect of the pilgrim by those in Hell, Dante continues to craft an understanding of sin as an inherently
“If you would not be forgotten as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading or do things worth writing.” This maxim applies to the poet Dante Alighieri, writer of The Inferno in the 1300s, because it asserts the need to establish oneself as a contributor to society. Indeed, Dante’s work contributes much to Renaissance Italy as his work is the first of its scope and size to be written in the vernacular. Due to its readability and availability, The Inferno is a nationalistic symbol. With this widespread availability also comes a certain social responsibility; even though Dante’s audience would have been familiar with the religious dogma, he assumes the didactic role of illustrating his own version of Christian justice and emphasizes the need for a personal understanding of divine wisdom and contrapasso, the idea of the perfect punishment for the crime. Dante acts as both author and narrator, completing a physical and spiritual journey into the underworld with Virgil as his guide and mentor. The journey from darkness into light is an allegory full of symbolism, much like that of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, which shows a philosopher’s journey towards truth. Therefore, Dante would also agree with the maxim, “Wise men learn by others’ harms; fools scarcely by their own,” because on the road to gaining knowledge and spiritual enlightenment, characters who learn valuable lessons from the misfortunes of others strengthen their own paradigms. Nonetheless, the only true way to gain knowledge is to experience it first hand. Dante’s character finds truth by way of his own personal quest.
From this point, in this essay of Dante’s Inferno, the seven major monsters, namely Minos, Cerberus, Plutus, Minotaur, Centaurs, Harpies and Geryon, are examined for their role and function in the story.
Dante Alighieri presents a vivid and awakening view of the depths of Hell in the first book of his Divine Comedy, the Inferno. The reader is allowed to contemplate the state of his own soul as Dante "visits" and views the state of the souls of those eternally assigned to Hell's hallows. While any one of the cantos written in Inferno will offer an excellent description of the suffering and justice of hell, Canto V offers a poignant view of the assignment of punishment based on the committed sin. Through this close reading, we will examine three distinct areas of Dante's hell: the geography and punishment the sinner is restricted to, the character of the sinner, and the "fairness" or justice of the punishment in relation to the sin. Dante's Inferno is an ordered and descriptive journey that allows the reader the chance to see his own shortcomings in the sinners presented in the text.
Dante’s The Divine Comedy illustrates one man’s quest for the knowledge of how to avoid the repercussions of his actions in life so that he may seek salvation in the afterlife. The Divine Comedy establishes a set of moral principles that one must live by in order to reach paradise. Dante presents these principles in Inferno, where each level of Hell has people suffering for the sins they committed during their life. As Dante gets deeper into Hell, the degrees of sin get progressively worse, as do the severity of punishment.
In Dante’s Inferno, Dante is taken on a journey through hell. On this journey, Dane sees the many different forms of sins, and each with its own unique contrapasso, or counter-suffering. Each of these punishments reflects the sin of a person, usually offering some ironic way of suffering as a sort of revenge for breaking God’s law. As Dante wrote this work and developed the contrapassos, he allows himself to play God, deciding who is in hell and why they are there. He uses this opportunity to strike at his foes, placing them in the bowels of hell, saying that they have nothing to look forward to but the agony of suffering and the separation from God.
places the author at the mercy of the reader and prepares them to hear an idea
To truly comprehend Dante’s Divine Comedy, although complete comprehension is not necessary to enjoy this literary masterpiece, there are several skills one might need to acquire. For instance, one helpful piece of knowledge would be the ability to fluently speak Italian, since the many translations differ being able to have read Dante’s actual written words and understand them would make reading the Divine Comedy a bit more personal and therefore easier to understand. To catch and understand the plethora of references and allusions made by Dante it would aid any reader with their findings to be accompanying their reading of the Divine Comedy with a reading of Dante’s autobiography Vita Nuova. Vita Nuova or New Life would give the reader a comprehension of all the political references in addition to all of the political references throughout the Divine Comedy. Whether it is Dante’s un avenged ancestor Geri del Bello or the political leader Boniface the Divine Comedy is made up of many aspects of Dante’s life thus making it difficult for any scholar to pinpoint the true motive behind the writings of the Divine Comedy.
Dante’s Inferno presents the reader with many questions and thought provoking dialogue to interpret. These crossroads provide points of contemplation and thought. Dante’s graphic depiction of hell and its eternal punishment is filled with imagery and allegorical meanings. Examining one of these cruxes of why there is a rift in the pits of hell, can lead the reader to interpret why Dante used the language he did to relate the Idea of a Just and perfect punishment by God.
Within Canto 1, we see Dante leaving a dark forest. This forest represents all the human vices and corruption, a place similar to hell (canto 1, line 1-5, Alighieri). Dante wants to reach the hill top, where is sunny and warm, rather than be in the damp and cold forest. The hill top represents happiness and is a metaphor for heaven. But his path is stopped by three animals: a leopard (canto 1, line 25, Alighieri ) , lion (canto 1, line 36 Alighieri ) and she wolf (canto 1, line 38-41, Alighieri ). Each one represents a human weakness: the leopard is lust, the lion pride and the she wolf is avarice. They show that on the earthly plain human sin is a continual and harmful temptation. These animals try to strip him of his hope, his hope in the fact that he will some day be in heaven with God. They are temptations to lead him away and block his way to the hill top. Th...
Inferno, the first part of Divina Commedia, or the Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, is the story of a man's journey through Hell and the observance of punishments incurred as a result of the committance of sin. In all cases the severity of the punishment, and the punishment itself, has a direct correlation to the sin committed. The punishments are fitting in that they are symbolic of the actual sin; in other words, "They got what they wanted." (Literature of the Western World, p.1409) According to Dante, Hell has two divisions: Upper Hell, devoted to those who perpetrated sins of incontinence, and Lower Hell, devoted to those who perpetrated sins of malice. The divisions of Hell are likewise split into levels corresponding to sin. Each of the levels and the divisions within levels 7,8, and 9 have an analogous historical or mythological figure used to illustrate and exemplify the sin.