Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The concept of organizational learning
Reflection on organizational learning
The concept of organizational learning
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The concept of organizational learning
Learning ABSTRACT The concept of learning may be regarded as any process through which a system utilizes knowledge to improve its performance. As we move into the age of digital information, the rapid and explosive growth of external, as well as, internal data and information that organizations are faced with is a problem that they are currently trying to overcome. The ability to collect and store this data is far ahead of the ability to analyze and learn from it. The concept of learning will be examined from the perspective of the inferential learning theory. This theory examines the mix of input knowledge, background knowledge, learning objectives or goals and an inference process to obtain 'new' or 'learned' knowledge. Various learning situations may dictate differing learning processes. The three that will be briefly highlighted in this paper are; learning by induction, through the use of decision rules or decision trees; learning by discovery; and learning by taking advice, explanation-based generalization. The concept of multi-strategy learning in order to handle more complex problems will also be examined. INTRODUCTION Research in the area of learning has been ongoing for several years, and it has over the years been traditionally characterized as an improvement in a system's behavior or knowledge due to its experience. "Experience" in this context is looking at the totality of information generated in the course of performing some action. The inferential theory of learning suggests a means of our understanding the learning process. Michalski 1 proposes that this theory assumes that learning is a goal-guided process of modifying the learner's knowledge by exploring the learner's experience. This process he... ... middle of paper ... ...fman R. A. - "Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery" - A Review of issues and Multi- strategy Approach". Reports of the Machine Learning and Inference Laboratory, MCI 97-2, George Mason University, Fairfax, V.A. 1997. http://www.mli.gmu.edu/~kaufman/97-1.ps 6 Chun-Nan Hsu and Craig A. Knoblock - "Discovering Robust Knowledge from Dynamic Closed - World Data". http://www.isi.edu/sims/papers/95-robust.ps 7 Shavlik Jude W. - "Acquiring Recursive and Iterative Concepts with Explanation-Based Learning". Machine Learning Vol. 5,(1990). 8 Tecuci Gheorghe - "Plausible Justification Trees: A framework for Deep and Dynamic Integration of Learning Strategies", Machine Learning Vol. 11(1993). 9 Fayyad U., Piatetsky-Shapiro G., Smyth, Padhraic - "The KDD Process for Extracting Useful Knowledge from volumes of Data" - Communications of the ACM vol. 39, no. 11 (Nov. 1996).
Mill, J. S. (2000). System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
John Searle’s Chinese room argument from his work “Minds, Brains, and Programs” was a thought experiment against the premises of strong Artificial Intelligence (AI). The premises of conclude that something is of the strong AI nature if it can understand and it can explain how human understanding works. I will argue that the Chinese room argument successfully disproves the conclusion of strong AI, however, it does not provide an explanation of what understanding is which becomes problematic when creating a distinction between humans and machines.
Traditional business intelligence tools are being replaced by data discovery software. The data discovery software has numerous capabilities that are dominating purchase requirements for larger distribution. A challenge remaining is the ability to meet the dual demands of enterprise IT and business users.
Learning is done through actions. When individuals perform or do, they discover and absorb. It represents an alteration in the behavior as a result from the experience. When people learn, their behaviors would change as they obtain info and experience (Solomon 2014). For instance, say a person had a reaction after consuming peanuts, and so she had a bad experience. She would afterwards associate this bad experience with peanuts, and “learned” that she should not consume peanuts. And so for that reason, she would not be purchasing any more peanuts. Rather, if she had a positive experience with peanuts, she certainly would want to purchase the product again. The learning concepts can be applied in marketing by business organizations.
To make the best of the seemingly untappable resource, a new field of data extraction, visualization, management and manipulation has come about – Data Analytics or Data Science. People who indulge in this data mining
Learning is a cognitive process which involves generating linkages between concepts, ideas, skills elements, experiences and people. This process requires the learner to make meaning of something by creating and re-working patterns, connections and relationships. From various scientific studies, it has been proved that this cognitive process is largely premised upon mental capabilities and development of the brain (intime, 2001). For people to actualize their ideas and creativities of their minds, learning is inevitable. However, the ability to learn is dissimilar for all people- some learn faster than others. This infers the notion of learning patterns. In simple terms, learning patterns can be defined as forms through people learn.
Pearl, J. P. (1988). Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. San Mateo, California, USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc..
Goertzel, B., & Pennachin, C. (2007). In Artificial General Intelligence. Heidelburg, New York: Springer Berlin. Retrieved on July 31, 2010 from Google books Database.
Other key features of knowledge construction are functional context, social context, and usefulness. The process works most effectively when it is embedded in a context in which new knowledge and skills will be used. Research on thinking and learning reinforces the idea that people learn through interaction with others (Johnson and Thomas 1994). Although learning is a matter of personal and unique interpretation, it takes place within the social context. In addition, learning must be useful to the learner; intrinsic motivation emerges from the desire to understand, to construct meaning (Billett 1996).
I found Kolb's (1984) model of experiential learning a useful way to summarize the process if individual learning. The cycle begins when we each experience the world through our senses. Kolb calls this step ‘concreate experience', to indicate that he does not mean the various experiences we have through books or plays, but real-world experiences. Examples of concrete experience could be as varied as sitting through a boring meeting or suffering the distress of losing a job. Kolb suggest that to learn from our experiences we must engage in a second step of consistency reflecting on what has occurred. This step he calls ‘reflective observation'. We are able to reflect on much less than what occurred in the actual experience. Reflection is selective and influenced by our expectations. The third step in the learning cycle is making sense of what we have experience. In other words, ‘abstract conceptualization'. The final step in Kolb's model is ‘active experimentation'. At this step, we test out the meaning that we have constructed by taking action in the world – which then leads to new experiences. Kolb has shown that over time we tend to get more proficient at some steps of the process that at others, thus we develop a learning style preference. Kolb has noted all the steps are necessary, the smallest alteration to any of these steps can make the learning process less
[3] B. Thuraisingham. Data mining, national security, privacy and civil liberties. In ACM SIGKDD Explorations, Volume 4 Issue 2, page 1-5. New York, 2002.
Prakash, J. (n.d.). Brief notes on the Thorndike’s Laws of Learning. Retrieved from Preserve Articles: http://www.preservearticles.com/201105206859/thorndikes-laws-of-learning.html
HAND, D. J., MANNILA, H., & SMYTH, P. (2001).Principles of data mining. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press.
LaBerge and Samuels (1974) provide a detailed explanation of this aspect of learning. In addition they say that for new information to be useful, it must be learned to such an extent that it should not be think much about it when it was in used.
The dynamics of our society bring many challenges and opportunities to the business world. Within the last decade, hundreds of jobs have emerged particularly in the technology sector to help keep up with the ever-changing world and to compete on a larger and better scale than the competition. Two key job markets and the basis of this research paper are business intelligence or BI and data mining or DM. These two fields play a very important role in small to large companies and are becoming higher desired sectors within the back offices of the workplace. This paper will explore what the meaning of BI and DM really is, how they are used and what we can expect as workers and learners of the technology and business fields for the future.