The Human Papillomavirus ( Hpv )

The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common Sexually Transmitted Infection, which affects nearly all women and men at some point in their life. Currently, 79 million Americans are infected with this virus, with 14 million, usually young adults, being infected every year. HPV consists of a group of about 100 viruses, some of which are harmless and do not need treatment. However, others can have malevolent effects on the body. For example, strains 6 and 11, which are some of the most common, cause low grade and benign cell anomalies, which can lead to warts. Other stands have by far more drastic effects, like strains 16 and 18, which are also very common, but they are also very high risk since they can lead to cancer. Some other high risk strains are 33,45,52 and 58. 16 and 18 cause about 70% of all yearly cases of cervical cancer. 26 thousand people are diagnosed with cancer every year due to HPV, which, in women, is usually cervical cancer. However, some patients can take a year to develop symptoms, if any symptoms occur at all. The majority of these HPV types are contacted through sexual intercourse by an infected person. HPV is very important to study because it is a major root of our society and will affect everyone within their lifetime.

This paper provides a background on and literature review of the HPV vaccine and it’s effectiveness. It will inform the reader by providing multiple types of view and argument structures, all based on factual science, to determine the vaccine’s effectiveness. Furthermore, current data on HPV vaccines, as recorded and reported by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and their effectiveness will be analyzed.

Contracting malignant strands of HPV can be avoided by gett...

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...s of data, one where subjects were asked if their knowledge would affect how they vote for a candidate, and another wether parents should have a say if their child is required to be vaccinated. In the former, framing had a major effect on political support, especially with positive framing. For the latter, framing also made a major impact, but statistical significance was only found in those subjected to a negative frame that responded negatively to the prompt.

Some limitations in this project where set by the small sample size and potential response bias of the participants. These led to the acceptance of few alternate hypotheses, which could have been avoided with a larger sample. Also, while the participants were contacted through random digit dialing, this created a sample bias since only people with a listed phone number were reached. Of this sample reached,