Another very important measurement of people’s life quality is infant mortality rate(IMR). Infant mortality rate is a measurement that not only represents a nation’s economic development level, resident healthy level, but also has a big impact on people’s life quality. Factors that influence infant mortality rate include healthcare spending levels, birth defects, preterm birth, maternal complications of pregnancy, sudden infant death syndrome and injuries. (CDC 2016). Wealthy nations have lower infant mortality rate than backwards countries. Japan, Finland and Sweden have infant mortality rate at 2.2, 2.5 and 2.6 respectably, while Nigeria, Pakistan and India have 75.5, 59.4, 44.6 respectably. Which means a baby born in Nigeria is nearly 34 …show more content…
It takes a different approach and looks at what is the best Gini coefficient range for China to motivate the workforce and improve the total economy development in addition. The author also found that the Gini coefficient has a positive relationship with the potential criminal behavioral. The study analyzed five factors that could effect the Gini coefficient in China, which include: economic development, industry structure, degree of economic openness, government policies and individual level. However, the research concluded that the calculation of Gini coefficient is incompatible with Chinese context. The international standard of Gini coefficient cordon is 0.4, which is not fit in China. Based on his calculation, he thinks 4.949 is a better cordon of Gini coefficient in China. At the same time, studies in Yue, Li and Gao in 2013 performed a study about the Gini coefficient calculation for China. This study examines existing different calculations of Gini coefficients: NBS household survey, CHIP survey, CHFS of SWUFE and CFPS of Peking University. In addition the study assesses these household surveys themselves, and draw a conclusion that the current Gini coefficient in China is between 0.47 and
Cardiologist Ernest Madu offers a leaflet showing a 4-month-old baby girl born with a disrupted valve in her aorta. The poster advertises a community campaign to raise $60,000 to fly her to Miami, Florida, for surgery. "I heard that she died," Madu says, a somber look overtaking the usual brightness in his eyes. "If that child had been born in the U.S. instead of Jamaica," he adds, "she would have grown up to do what she wanted to do in life: Go to school, get married, have children, and have a career. She died because she was Jamaican” (Walljasper, 2008, pp. 1). According to research from the World Health Organization (WHO) in poor countries, forty percent of deaths is a child fifteen years or younger, in rich countries only
Infant mortality is considered a worldwide indicator of a nation’s health status. The United States still ranks 24th in infant mortality compared with other industrialized nations, even though infant mortality has declined steadily over the past several decades. Compared with the national average in 1996 of 7.2 deaths per 1,000 live births, the largest disparity is among blacks with a death rate of 14.2 per 1,000 in 1996 which is almost 2½ times that of white infants (6 deaths per 1,000 in 1996). American Indians as a whole have an infant death rate of 9 deaths per 1,000 in 1995, but some Indian communities have an infant mortality rate almost twice that of the national rate. The same applies to the Hispanic community, whose rate of 7.6 deaths per 1,000 births in 1995 doesn’t reflect the Puerto Rican community, whose rate was 8.9 deaths per 1,000 births in 1995.
a 50% higher infant mortality rate in girls than it does for boys. Many developing countries
First, I will give out some statistics of infant mortality rates in America. According to an Amnesty International report, two maternal deaths occur every day for African-American women. Even though 99% of birth-related deaths happen in developing countries, these numbers for African American women in a country with world renowned health facilities are discouraging.
Every eight seconds a baby is born in the United Sates (U.S.), and within one hour four babies die (1). The infant mortality rate (IMR) measures the rate at which babies die before their first birthday and is calculated per 1,000 live births. According to government figures 7.2 babies out of every 1,000 born in 1996 died (2, p 6). Although this figure declines steadily each year and is 406% lower than the 1950 figure (3) the United States IMR is still higher than twenty four other nations (1). More importantly, the IMR for black U.S. citizens is over twice the rate of white citizens (6.3 and 14.6 respectively) (4, p 9). The National Commission to Prevent Infant Mortality even calls some regions "disaster areas" (5, p 18). What are the leading causes of infant death, and what areas within the United States are most affected? What preventative measures can ensure a child its first birthday? These questions are addressed herein. In addition, certain National Standards for Geography are met.
When looking at how well a country is doing economically two good places to start are the health and prosperity of its people. Uruguay’s population growth is slowing and instances of infant and childhood mortality
Every day, 370,000 babies are born into this world- each having the potential to live a prosperous and productive life. Unfortunately, some of these tiny, fragile humans do not live until their first birthday. The death of infants within the first year of life is known as infant mortality. There are many contributing factors as to why infant mortality may be high or low in a specific area. In order to measure the amount of deaths that occur in a particular region, the number of newborns that die before the age of one year old per 1,000 live births are recorded and is known as the infant mortality rate in that society. Generally, the infant mortality rate of a country directly reflects on the health-care system provided. Unfortunately, in today’s world, a child dies every four seconds.
Non-medical determinants of health have the greater impact in people’s health. They are also the most challenging (but not impossible) to interfere/change. In general, education and income are associated with child mortality, being the latter most important, once poverty dictates many aspects of life including opportunities for education.
Since 1960 child mortality rates have dropped substantially. In 1960 the worldwide child mortality rate for children under 5 years old was 1 billion compared to 6.6 million in 2012, *Citation. Sadly in 2012 nearly 1800 children died worldwide every day before reaching their 5th birthday*citation. In more recent years it was found that the rate has been cut in half since the 1990’s. Evidence and trends suggests that poorer, undeveloped countries such as; China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan. The countries of India and Nigeria making up at least 1/3 of the childhood mortality rate in the world today. While it’s evident that these third world countries have some of the highest rates for child mortality and for obvious reasons, a look at the causes behind childhood mortality provide useful information for the improvement and prevention of childhood mortality rates in all countries. A variety of causes contribute to the reasons of child fatality. Anywhere from high population rate and low economic stability; to get to the bottom of this worldwide epidemic I feel it necessary to explore these reasons
O'Connor, P. (2008, October 18). US infant mortality rate now worse than 28 other countries. Retrieved June 9, 2010, from World Socialist Web Site: http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/oct2008/mort-o18.shtml
ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS Advantages Ratio analysis is an important and age-old technique of financial analysis. The following are some of the advantages of ratio analysis. 1. What is the difference between a. and a. Simplifies financial statements It simplifies the comprehension of financial statements. Ratios tell the whole story of changes in the financial condition of the business.
The IMR “reflects the economic and social conditions of the community, as well as the effectiveness of health systems. It also indicates health disparities between different populations, both within and between countries. Furthermore, IMR is strongly correlated to economic development, general living conditions, social wellbeing, and the quality of the environment, that affect the health of entire populations.” (Infant Mortality, 2012)
Finally, the United States political system has a strong structural structure but in China their people always work together to be the best and stand out in the world. It is predicted that China will one day be the largest economy-growing country in the world. They continually grow and rebalance their world to be the best. The growth of the economy will depend on the Chinese government's comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly accelerate China's transition to a free market economy. Consumer demand, rather than exporting, is the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection.
1) Reproductive health is important for women around the world. Women with reproductive capacity require ongoing health care to protect their health and the health of their newborns. The increased and sustained investment in reproductive health will ensure that women are able to receive preventive care prior during and after their pregnancies (Singh, Darroch, & Lori, 2014). This will help decrease the number of infants deaths related to pregnancies. It will also decrease the number of deaths with pregnant women. Investing in reproductive health may decrease the burden that steams from infant and women deaths that are related to pregnancy. Reproductive health has improved globally. However, disparities still exist between developed and developing countries (Singh et al., 2014). Therefore, it is important for countries throughout the world to invest in new technologies to strengthen reproductive health in areas that lack adequate preventive reproductive health services. This will allow countries to decrease the number of still births, miscarriages, and infants and women deaths. This will return the burden of these conditions. Moreover, many
That is 545 deaths per every 100,000 successful deliveries. Also, a woman’s chance of dying from “pregnancy and childbirth in Nigeria is 1 in 13” (Abara 2012) Nearly 50% of Nigerian women are mothers before they turn 20. There in inability to access quality 6 health care services, poor access to safe childbirth services and lack of adequate and affordable emergency care. In some parts of the country, religion does not allow women to deliver in the hospital. Also, the husbands are not to be happy to see their wives opening up to a doctor for any from of virginal exanimations. So from a young age, the girl child is taught how to deliver her baby unassisted. This leads to infections and death. Also, gender inequality is imbedded in Nigerian society and culture. Although women do have rights to land, the patriarchal society dictates that their rights are weaker than a man 's. This shows the unequal distribution of power between man and women. Women have a very high fertility rate of six children per woman, due to the pressure on her to give birth to boys who can inherit and own land. As said by Newbury, “If a woman has a girl first, she is more likely to have more children, not use contraceptives, have short periods between pregnancies, and be subjected to polygamy” (Newbury 2004). Each of these factors increases a woman 's vulnerability to