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does indoor pollution affect ambient air quality
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THE Quality of Indoor Air has become increasingly important given that the amount of time spent indoors is more than ever before. Indoor Air has been found to be contaminated with microbials (including viruses, microscopic bacteria, fungi, etc.), harmful gases (like VOCs, radon, formaldehyde, H2S, etc.) and particulates (PMx , dust, etc.) that are responsible for “building related diseases”( US EPA, 1990; WHO 1989). Building Related Diseases also known as Sick Building Syndrome is the collective name of illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, allergic reactions, headache, nose or throat irritation, dry cough, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, etc. that are caused by Polluted Indoor Air (BOULAY and BOULET, 2003). Indoor Air Pollution is a significant problem that needs an efficient solution. The traditional methods of purifying air like filtration, adsorption and disinfection have a limited ability to effectively achieve suitable IAQ Standards. Recently, promising technologies such as PHI (Photo Hydro Ionization), bipolar ionization and UVGI have displayed greater efficiencies in cleaning selected aspects of the Indoor Air. Research shows that on combining these powerful technologies, an even more efficient system with unforeseen triple benefits can be formed, PHIO+. PHIO+ also called as Photo Hydro Ionized Oxidation + is a technology in which an existing PHI product is combined with a bipolar ionization cell to neutralize all the aspects of Indoor Air contaminants and even provide energy saving and health improvement benefits to the user. The Formation The Indoor Air is made up of various gaseous substances that have the ability to pose a threat to the health of human occupants. VOCs have been found at higher conc... ... middle of paper ... ...e the bacteria from reproducing, thus effectively killing them. The reduction rate of various bacterial species was significant within 15 minutes. “The results of the air ion experiment (i.e. without any interventions) are presented in Figure 2, which shows the survival fraction verses exposure time for each bacterial species. From these it can be seen that in every case exposure to negative air ions was associated with a marked reduction in colony count. Statistical analysis using a T-test (two-tailed with equal variance) reveals that for all bacteria species this reduction was significant (p < 0.01)”, according to experiments conducted by Fletcher et al (p.32, 2007). According to experiments conducted, 99.0% of the virus was removed after approx. 38 minutes of the use of PHIO+. Recent experiments also show a similar effectiveness of PHIO+ on H1N1, H7N9, H5N1, etc.
Other applications for CFCs soon followed. Out of the need to eliminate malaria-carrying mosquitoes during the first World War, Freon 12 was found to be ...
Rudel , R. A., Camann, D. E., Spengler, J. D., Korn, L. R., & Brody, J. G. (2003). Phthalates, Alkylphenols, Pesticides, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Other Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Indoor Air and Dust. Environmental Science and Technology, 37(20), 4543-4553. Retrieved from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0264596
Almost everyone occasionally feels unwell because they are suffering from one or more common symptoms of discomfort such as headaches, dry throat or sore eyes. A 1984 World Health Organization Committee report suggested that up to 30 percent of new and remodelled buildings worldwide may be the subject of excessive complaints related to indoor air quality (IAQ) (Environmental Protection Energy, 1991). But there are occasions when, for no obvious reasons, people working in particular buildings experience these sorts of symptoms more often than is usual. The symptoms tend to increase in severity with time spent in the building and improve over time or disappear away from the building (Accepta, 2014). This is often described as Sick Building Syndrome. The main symptoms associated with Sick Building Syndrome are dry or itchy skin or skin rash, dry or itchy eyes, nose or throat, headaches, lethargy, irritability, or poor concentration and stuffy or runny nose.
From the day-to-day use of CFC’s (Chloro fluoro carbons) and other depletion substances the ozone wears off more and more. These substances are referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). They are usually found in chemicals and as a result of causing depletion in the ozone layer, cause skin cancer and disorder in humans and animals as well. CFC’s are used as coolers in refrigerators, and air conditioners. They used to be used in car air conditioners until 1995, when it was discovered the CFS’s were depleting the ozone. Industrially, they are found in solvents and sometimes in dry cleaning agents. Furthermore, cleaning agents, foam insulation and packaging materials are also known to aid in the ozone depletion.
Lastly, the enthalpy of phosgene's reaction with water, which likely contributes to its toxicity was also investigated and calculated. All of these results and calculations will be discussed in detail throughout the report.
The reduced water produced by the water ionizer has a pH level of 8, it has a redox potential of -250 to -350 mV, and it contains a mass of electrons that can be donated to free radicals.
The question of how different building features can affect the building users has occupied the attention of many researchers and building industry professionals the last decades. In addition, many are concerned as well about how to use effectively all this knowledge in that way to influence the decisions about the design of the building. According to Vischer (2009) the research on the building performance and use can be characterized as intelligence gaining. The measures taken for assessing building performance include users' experience of environmental comfort and satisfaction, as well as subjective data and measurements related to different building systems. But these data are not strong on their own unless there is no evidence of how users are affected (Vischer, 2009).
... to chemical attacks the result of carbon filter failure in pre-treatment”. (Adapted from APU lectures innopharmalabs)
Building is important structure for mankind. In general definition, building is a structure with a roof and wall, such as houses, factory and school. The different type of building is depend on the function, capacity and it size. So it will give the different design and material in the building structure. For certain building, there are many defect are need consideration for further action. According to Building Code of Australia (n.d), building defect is buildings out of warranty period, may not comply with these standards but must be judged against the standard at the time of construction or refurbishment. Example of defect are crack, damages or deteriorated brick wall and corrosion of aluminium windows. In addition, indoor air quality is important factor in designing good building. Factor of air quality is the quality and comfort of the furniture and the degree of occupant control over the environment. Poor air quality cause human illness, also lead to loss productivity of the occupants and costs may exceed the additional initial cost, if any new construction or renovation. It also may be short term to long term and range from minor irritation to life threating illness. Sick building syndrome is short term affect as soon as the people out from the building and building related illness is more critically than sick building syndrome because building may pollutant with hazardous chemical can caused cancer and Legionnaires’ disease. To improve indoor air quality by conduct building maintenance, ventilation control and occupant activity control.
Photochemical Smog is a major contributor of air pollution. Photochemical Smog has been linked to many negative health conditions; in particular respiratory conditions. These health conditions aren’t only linked to humans but also plants and animals.
The cleanroom can be defined as an environment, typically used in manufacturing or scientific research that has a low level of environmental pollutants such as dirt, airborne microbes, chemical vapors, and aerosol particles. More precisely, a clean has a controlled level of pollution that is specified by the number of particles per cubic meter at a specified particle size. To give outlook, the ambient air outside in a typical urban environment comprises 35,000,000 particles per cubic meter in the size range 0.1 µm and larger in diameter, agreeing to an ISO 9 cleanroom, while an ISO 1 cleanroom allows no particles in that size range and only 12 particles per cubic meter of 0.3 µm and smaller. (http://www.cleanairtechnology.com/cleanroom-classifications-class.php)
furnaces. By letting all these gases release into the air, it makes it harder to breathe.
The photolysis methods are mainly based on combinations of UV, H2O2/UV, O3/UV and H2O2/O3/UV [33]. In direct UV photolysis, the incident light is absorbed by the contaminants for the subsequent degradation in its photochemically excited state. This process depends strongly on the light absorbility of the targeted contaminants. Since most of the contaminants are not highly photochemically active, this process is difficult to achieve under conventional conditions. For the H2O2/UV and O3/UV processes, the oxidative degradation occurs through the chemical generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) which attack most organic compounds. The necessity of UV light limits the broad use of solar light, resulting in the increased energy consumption and equipment requirements.
In conclusion, air pollution affects the immune system, making it weak and vulnerable to certain bacteria, illnesses, viruses and foreign invaders. Common diseases that are affected the most include asthma and allergies. Air pollution in general has been seen to modify the immune system's handling of particular allergens. The exposure to toxins like dioxin can cause serious health problems for people. Having long-term exposure to this toxin is connected to weakening of the immune system, as well as the nervous system, endocrine system and certain reproductive functions. Hence, everyone has a particular level and exposure of dioxins in the body. Improving air quality is the key answer to avoiding any type of development of disease, but it is a long term goal that will require the help and commitment at the national and global level.
This uses electrostatic attraction method to clean and remove particles in the air, such dust and cigarette smoking, giving off a clean and pleasant air to breathe. Precipitators undergo in a two-stage filtration standard, and consist of two sections: the charging and collection section, wherein the first stage of flirtation starts by employing ionized wired in order to permeate contaminants such as dust, pollen, and smoke that has positive charges, then onto the second and final stage. The charged particle will stick to the negatively charged electric field, the particles collected and trapped whereas the clean air is release in the