Background Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia, which has the largest land and population in the region. As the third-largest democracy country and the home of the world’s largest Muslim population, they have encountered countless of turbulent negative issues includes: government corruptions, alleviating poverty, obviating terrorism, consolidating democracy after decades of authoritarianism, human rights violations and so forth. Based on Transparency International, they ranked Indonesia 111st out of 180 countries in year 2009 accompanied by Mali and Togo, which have 2.8 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) (International Transparency, 2009). Demographic Indonesia is the 4th largest in population size with 240 million people, behind China, India and U.S. Furthermore, the population growth rate in 2010 is 1.136%, which ranked 117th in the world (CIA, Word Factbook). Despite of the potent family planning program that has been implemented since 1960s, the population is expected to grow to 254 million by year 2020 and will increase to 288 million in 2050 (United Unions, 2009). The largest ethnic group in Indonesia is Javanese, which consists of 40.6% of the total population (CIA Factbook). Due to their large and important presence in the society, Javanese have prevailed in cultural and political game. Because of this, the majority of the people is Muslim (86.1%) and followed by Protestant (5.7%) (CIA, CIA Factbook). Economic In Indonesia, the current overall picture of the economic development is steadfast and they have achieved tremendous optimization in GDP growth with the depreciating of debt-to-GDP ratio from 28.3 %( 2008) to 27.4 %( 2009) (CIA, Word Factbook). In fiscal year 2009, Indonesia’s GDP (purcha... ... middle of paper ... ...the number of electoral districts (district magnitude); to apply the threshold of seats in the parliament (parliamentary threshold); to simplify the number of factions in the parliament through the tightening of requirements for the formation of a faction (factional threshold), as well as making regulations to be directed to the formation of two political blocs (supporters and opposition).” (Yuda,2010). Conclusion Indonesia is a delevoping country that has high potential in political advancement and economic development due to its massive labor force and well-supplied natural resources. However, in order to achieve sustainable growth, they need to resolve all the encumbrances like poverty and government corruption, which hold them back for years and turn to stimulate government coalition in parliament and invigorate the practice of human rights in the society.
The population control program in Indonesia has come a long way since it was established by the Indonesian government in the late 1960s. The Indonesian family planning (FP) program which is held by the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) has implemented the concept of how to form happy and prosperous families as a means to improve family welfare. However, the concept was not separated from the main purpose of the population control program, which basically focuses on the contraceptives’ use in order to reduce the fe...
It is affecting different sectors in a variety of forms. The major forms of corruptions are the political corruption, the bureaucratic corruption and the economic corruption (Chêne, 2012). The political corruption happened during the 2010 general elections and 2012 parliamentary by-elections which were marked by fraud and irregularities. As a result, the pro-military party won almost 80 percent of the seats available for election (Bertelsmann Foundation, 2012). The bureaucratic corruption is the most serious form of corruption affecting the public sector and service delivery. It is widespread and has become a major barrier to commerce and investment for growth and development (Chêne, 2012). The economic corruption is mostly in the form of cronyism where many state assets are being privatised to close associates at below market rates (Bertelsmann Foundation,
Settled in the end of the fifth century, two groups established themselves in what is now present day Cambodia. The Champa controlled the central and southern part of Vietnam and the Funan is the southernmost part Vietnam and present-day Cambodia. Influences from both China and India were obvious as dance and music spread throughout the area. Ruling on its own till 1864 when the French absorbed it into French Indochina Along with Laos and Vietnam. For nearly a century, the French exploited Cambodia commercially, and demanded power over politics, economics, and social life. It was not until a leader Norodom Sihanouk proclaimed Cambodia's independence in 1949 which was later granted in 1953. Cambodia fell into chaos during the 1970’s as General Lon Nol and his connections to the Khmer Rouge brought Cambodia into a genocidal age. For a decade Cambodia was surrounded by despair and carnage until the reign of the Khmer Rouge ended in 1979. Slowly rebuilding of the nation began as outside countries and organization such as the United Nation helped to get Cambodia back on its feet. Plans were made for general elections by 1993 which lead to the constitutional monarchy that the country has today. With its cyclical and oppressive history, Cambodia future is optimistic with the economy growing rapidly due to industries such as tourism, textiles, oil and the traditional farming. Slowly the nation reaches to find its place among the other powerhouses in Southeast Asia and around the world.
Uhr states (2004) the doctrines of poor governments that permit executive power to value separation of power while destabilization the separation of institutions that transpired when decision-making governments control parliaments and control the use of legislative powers. While denying to fulfilling the privileges made by legislative institutions. The Accountability implemented by the legislature over executive consisting of the developing norms of democratic accountability connected with representative government. Yencken (2007) states that if conventions are not determined in legislation, it will allow the governments to act in their own resolve. Uhr (2004) says that it makes sense to, limit the exploitation of government powers through a constitutional government. Yencken (2007) says that governmental doubters, is a malignancy, it inspires indifference discourages achievement and offers an environment for unrestrained supremacy. Rock (2009) suggests that corruption of Indonesia and Thailand rose when democracy is introduced. However, it has recently, corruption has fallen in both countries. Rock (2009) states that the level of corruption depends on the wage the government receives that will either lower corruption or escalate it. Corruption can also develop depending on how soon a government can build trust,
The Indonesian government has consistently failed to address certain concerns of international businesses and as a result has...
Level of corruption in Indonesia is getting higher each year and spreading throughout Indonesia. In 2013, Indonesia’s position on Corruption Perception Index is 114th among 177 counties (RI Improves Ranking On Global Corruption Perception Index). According to Transparency International, Indonesia score of corruption was 32 out of 100 which 0 means highly corrupt and 100 means clean from corruption. There are many people who work for government found corrupting government funds. Former president of Indonesia, Soeharto, took state funds around $15 billion to $35 billion for his family needs (“Corruption Continue to Plague in Indonesia”). In addition, one of the politicians in Indonesia accused former president of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang
The political landscape of Indonesia has been transformed almost beyond recognition within the past decades. During the period under a highly centralized authoritarian regime, the power was concentrated in the hands of Suharto who held the office of president over thirty years, there was no efficient segregation of powers, political freedoms were exceedingly limited, military had enormous unrestricted powers to interfere in political and other aspects of Indonesian life. The collapse of Suharto’s New Order regime in 1998 marked a new commencement for Indonesia as a nation state.
Indonesia is a country in south-east Asia. It has the world’s highest population of Muslims and is the world’s 4th most populous country. Its capital is Jakarta. Having its world rank at 18th by economy, 15th largest in purchasing parity respectively, thus becoming a slowly progressive country.
Reproductive health services have and currently do struggle against obstacles including religious beliefs, governmental policies, educational shortcomings, and governmental financial circumstances. With the increase in reproductive health medicine and technology, an increase for the global standard of living, and women’s rights movements worldwide, global access to reproductive health services is becoming more and more of a priority. Topics such as abortion and form of contraception are highly debated. “Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation, with almost 86.1% of Indonesians declared Muslim according to the 2000 census. 8.7% of the population is Christian, 3% are Hindu, and 1.8% Buddhist or other”(“Demographics of Indonesia”, Wikipedia). Indonesia implemented a family planning organization known as the National Population and Family Planning Board (BkkbN), which help provide sexual and reproductive education to the citizens of Indonesia. The goal of BkkbN is “Balanced Population Growth in 2015” ("Profil | BKKBN"). Unfortunately, the HIV/AIDS “Adult prevalence rate: [is] 0.2% (2007 est)” (“Demographics of Indonesia”, Wikipedia), and children suffer from mal-nutrition… “More than 30 per cent of pre-school children are underweight” (ReliefWeb). In some of these cases, the statistics could correlate directly to unplanned parenthood. Unplanned parenthood and unavailable global access to reproductive services could increase these numbers.
Weaknesses that Indonesian currently doesn’t lie in the system and the law that already exist. Indonesia weakness lies in the mindset of each population. Star from the representatives. Those who have been elected by the people are not really striving to escort these goods system. There is only a representative of the people who fought for the interests of the party and personal gain alone. Political costs are very high that only borne by making them have to replace the personal costs incurred. Even worse, they are trying to find loopholes to profit from their position.
Over the last few years, the issue of corruption--the abuse of public office for private gain--has attracted renewed interest, both among academics and policymakers. There are a number of reasons why this topic has come under recent inspection. Corruption scandals have toppled governments in both major industrial countries and developing countries. In the transition countries, the shift from command economies to free market economies has created massive opportunities for the appropriation of rents, excessive profits, and has often been accompanied by a change from a well-organized system of corruption to a more chaotic and deleterious one. With the end of the cold war, donor countries have placed less emphasis on political considerations in allocating foreign aid among developing countries and have paid more attention to cases in which aid funds have been misused and have not reached the poor. And slow economic growth has persisted in many countries with malfunctioning institutions. This renewed interest has led to a new flurry of empirical research on the causes and consequences of corruption.
Some people said that corruption is rampant in all governments, So that it is not unknown to any ethnic group, region and continent. It cuts across faiths, political systems, religious Denominations and affects both young and old people. Fraud can be found in public and authoritarian rule;...
Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia. Consists of more than 18,000 islands, Indonesia provides a beautiful views, cultures, and tourist resort. The capital of Indonesia and the largest city is Jakarta, located in Java Island. The Indonesian’s currency is rupiah. Indonesia is a republic country, and the government system is democracy Absolutely, Indonesia also have a lot of tribes with different languages and religion. Indonesia got the freedom from the Netherlands in 1942, and Japan in 1945.
Every citizen wishes to have a country where there is transparency. A transparency - that shows the unity and equality among the law, the officials and, of course, for its people is what most of them desire; that can somehow lessen the problems in supporting the needs of others; that helps to broadcast the income and the expenditures of the country; that warns its people that they are living in a democratic country; a way for the nation’s citizens to see the activities of the elected officials; and, of course, a key that somehow lessen the corruption in the government. However, even this transparency is being practiced the saddest part is that, not all officials are aware of this. This is the reason why corruption in the Philippines is one of the major dilemmas that they are still facing.
Corruption is issue that affects to the country and its population, especially politic, economy, society, and environment. It is a problem that not distant to people because corruption is at every levels from the national to the local community, judicial system, military, business, and so on. Then it is absolutely important and involve with everybody in the world. Corruption is a part of an undeveloped system, for example the quality of life, economic development, education, and etc. Corruption can occur in a few countries that have an inefficient government and other factors. However, there is the definition of corruption that means “corruption is the misuse of public power (by elected politician or appointed civil servant) for private gain”