A portion of growing energy needs of India can be satisfied by utilizing the biomass residues generated by the agricultural activities and growing energy plantations in wastelands. Using this biomass does not violate any climate or sustainability ethics and could generate rural employment. Due to any sort of energy crisis if large scale demand for biomass develops, instead of waste biomass, the greeneries currently being used as fodder and other inputs used in rural industries might be diverted. The existence of proper logistical network is mandatory to face any long term and large scale biomass requirement and also to replace the unsustainable usage of wood by rural population. By creating a structure of biomass cooperatives for collection, densification, transporting and distribution, the biomass energy potential could be efficiently tapped and used. In this paper a two stage hub and spoke model is proposed for collection, briquetting and usage of biomass. Even without any demand from large scale power generation setup, the biomass cooperatives could effectively function by satisfying the needs of existing rural industries and household needs. The biomass briquetting cooperatives will act as an intermediate transient stage to leapfrog to large scale sustainable biomass energy utilization by agricultural India.
1. INTRODUCTION
India is an agrarian economy till date. Around 70% of its population lives in villages, agriculture is their main work, they are poor and lack basic facilities like electricity[1]. The rural population depends on firewood and other biomass for their house hold energy needs and they know it is inconvenient but it is the cheapest option, most of the times it is free [2]. Though the population of the country is growing cultivated area is declining. Due to migration to cities there is labor shortage in villages and labor intensive crops are neglected [3]. Hence there is shortage of food stuff production and many items are imported, particularly pulses [4] and edible oil. The country is growing due to the development of service and manufacturing industries, but still the rate of poverty reduction very slow and regional disparity is high[5]. The rural poor lack access to education and technical skills and the government is not in a position give enough jobs to people who leave agriculture. Even if people are ready to work in industries due to skill mismatch most of the rural poor cannot be redeployed in the newly developing industries.
The Economy is really bad in parts of India, people are usually not using technology, the way they cook is unsanitary, and houses are not modern. Indian farmers used to use seeds that required only cow poop for fertilizer. The Jai BT seeds that Monsanto created requires two different fertilizers, Jai BT seeds are more expensive than the old seeds, so farmers have to pay extra for the fertilizer and seeds. The Jai BT seeds did not germinate in the soil and rotted, causing the farmer much stress. The farmers pay a high amount of money for the land. If their farm does not grow, the farmer doesn't get any money and will eventuall...
Natural Gas - The process of getting natural gas through drilling might cause the groundwater to be contaminated. The way that transport natural gas might disturb the environment
Introduction:The idea of biofuels is a old concept, reaching as far as the ending of the 19th century. Solid in its idea but flawed in its presentation. Biofuels are a alternative energy to fossil fuels that are made from natural methods such as plants and crops and are key in solving the apparent flaws of fossil fuels. While fossil fuels have been in use for over a century, Biofuels have now risen to the popularity and been exposed to the press. At one point of time biofuel were being considered by some of the most brilliant minds ever in human history such as Henry Ford and Rudolph Diesel who believed that biofuels had the potential to be the new evolution s on only to reappear a century later. Now the world faces the struggles of global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels slowly dimming by day. Throughout the last century biofuels have proven to have a place in our society as a new alternative fuel source. Specializing in Being Natural and healthier than fossil fuels, biofuels have had a rough beginning against its competitor due to key situations such as pricing, Side effects, to fuel power. However the idea was passed on a to the later generations, and continued to pasand prolong usage. However through the last decade they have been highly advertised by politicians and Government officials claiming it to be the future of a powerful working society, and to help in making a new energy free world. Through belief Some even claiming that “By 2050, a new generation of sustainable biofuels could provide over a quarter of the world’s total transport fuel, according to a recent report by the International Energy Agency” (last name). With such improvement biofuels should be the obvious answer to providing a better future to th...
More than 17 million tonnes of fuel wood are consumed annually in Nepal, out of which less than 1% is commercialized. The rest is collected by the users free of cost from forests or their own cultivated land.
Our nation was founded on agriculture, and for hundreds of years we were able to migrate across the nation bringing our farming tools and techniques with us. Technology has driven populations away from rural areas towards industrialized cities. With money now being pumped into cities, rural farmers are suffering the most. Farmers are taking out large loans in order to sustain their farms, leading to debt and in some cases suicide. Patel spoke about a farmer in India whose husband took his life because he was unable to live with the amount of debt from his struggling farm. This man left his wife and chi...
This is necessary as the vast majority of individuals migrating from rural to urban centers has been steadily increasing with the level of economic growth seen within the past twenty years as mentioned earlier. Unfortunately, this situation has further shown the structural issues and inequalities of cities, as most migrants end up having a poor quality of life living in informal settlements as highlight substantially by Boo. As a means of tackling this, however, the Indian government has turned its focus on investing rural regions, developing the agricultural sector. Specifically, Boo mentions that “the prime minister, Manmohan Singh, had come down from Delhi to express his concern for the farmers’ hardships, and the central government’s determination to relieve it” (p. 138). While this is definitely important funds are not being divided justly. For starters, between rural and urban areas almost all investments are being targeting towards rural regions, which is only addressing issues of inequality in one section of the country. Furthermore, across rural areas inequalities of investment are quite often overlooked. Although, “one of the governments hopes was to stop villagers from abandoning their farms and further inundating cities like Mumbai, but Asha’s relatives knew nothing of these celebrated relief programs” (p. 138). Therefore, even though
A program focusing at economic empowerment through improvised agriculture has been taken up in three backward tribal blocks in Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh. An expenditure of around Rs 100 crore has been estimated for this purpose and this program is expected to benefit 40,000 tribal living in over 400 villages in these three States .This way Tata steel is giving back to the society by sharing some revenue to the society.
The year is 2200. The world is going through a fossil fuel shortage. Oil reserves are almost completely consumed and it is becoming impossible to find new fossil fuel sources. Not prepared for this event to occur, The United States, has no alternative options. As a result of the oil shortage, the standard of living deteriorates. Heat in homes, supermarkets full of food, and transportation, all basic necessities taken for granted, will be depleted because fossil fuels are used to power almost everything. The key to the prevention of this future is renewable energy. Unfortunately the support for the use of renewable energy is weak and ineffective. Unless the US puts forth effort to research and promote the use of renewable energy to consumers, conversion from fossil fuels to renewable energy will no longer be an option.
Energy is the basic necessity of daily life. Nowadays, dependence on fossil fuels for energy needs becoming lower in numerous countries due to the potential of renewable energy to supply sustainable energy to the huge populations in many developing countries who are short of clean and continues energy. Generally, renewable energy can be defined as energy that is derived from natural resources which are constantly replenished and theoretically inexhaustible. Fossil fuels on the other hand can be described as energy that cannot be renewed and will eventually diminish. Thus, in many developing countries renewable energy is the alternative energy to replace non-renewable energy or commonly known as fossil fuels. In addition, according to Sorensen (2004), there is a greater demand for renewable energy sources nowadays due to the uncertainty of fuel price rise in living expenses. Commonly, there are many types of renewable energy available in our world such as wind power, biomass energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. However, the main three example of renewable energy are hydroelectric power, solar and biomass energy (Refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
India has the world’s highest percentage of arable land area and also ranks first in gross irrigated croplands. India produces enough food and has enough to export. Yet there are millions live without two square meals per day. India’s food crisis is slightly different from food crisis in other countries of the world that are facing shortage of supply of food grains. In case of India it is not a supply pushed crisis, but it is a case of the poor peoples are unable to get access to food. This is because of the ineffective and inefficient marketing strategies, lack of adequate storage facilities and man created hoarding. Farming provides livelihood to nearly 60% of India’s 1.1 billion people even though farm produce comprises only 18% of the India’s current GDP. India is largely insulated from food prices due to huge stocks, but has challenges like inefficient distribution system and poor storage facilities
Among various options available for bio-energy, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol and biomass gasification are three major options, which have huge potential in India to develop as energy sources and where investments made would be economical. The objective of this Business Plan is to review the option of electricity generation through the use of biomass energy.
“13.1 percent of the world’s population is hungry. That’s roughly 925 million people who go undernourished on a daily basis, consuming less than the recommended 2,100 calories a day,” reported by Kasim (2013). This phenomenon happened may be related to problems of population growth, poverty, natural disaster, improper cultural practice, land shortage and so on. Can you imagine a world without food which serve as an important energy sources for our metabolic activities? Although Malaysia has plenty of arable lands for agricultural purpose but food crisis has still occur. According to the declaration of International Fund for Agricultural Development (2011) or known as IFAD, smallholder farmers are able to produce about 80 per cent of the food consumed in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The IFAI also asserted that there are about 500 million smallholders in this planet which play roles in supplying the daily diet consumption of 2 billion people. Therefore, it is clear that smallholder farmers have potential in feeding a hungry world instead of large scale production field. However, smallholder farmer cannot do it alone to achieve the goal. They need support either from government or private sectors to expand their roles in transforming global food systems. Thus, provision of training for smallholder farmers is the best solution for food crisis in Malaysia as it can help farmers to gain high productivity, high resilience to the crises and less environmental pollution.
India has made rapid progress in food production and achieved near self-sufficiency in the food grain production. In fact the attainment of self sufficiency in food grains at the national level is one of the major achievements of the country in the post-independence era. India has also formed enough buffer stocks to cope-up with year-to-year variations in the food grain production. But, at the same
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
With the depletion of fossil fuel resources comes speculations and debates about alternative energy sources. The world, including the Philippines, is practically dependent on a dwindling non-renewable source of energy. Today, experts are debating about and considering three options: Nuclear, Solar, or Wind Energy. Everyone has been accustomed to the bad image of nuclear energy as a result of the Chernobyl and Fukushima incidents above all others. The popular belief is that radiation from a nuclear meltdown is very harmful to humans and other living things—which is true—and that nuclear power plants are very dangerous and not ideal—which is not. According to Smith, et. al (n.d), all the nuclear disasters that ever occurred were caused by human error and natural disasters like tsunamis, not one because of system failure. Putting the false beliefs aside, with proper engineering and adequate maintenance by experts, a nuclear power plant is a very ideal and viable source of energy for the following reasons: