Introduction (Graphics Not Included)
This report aims to provide an overview of banking sector in India for the purpose of expansion planning. The overview will be broadly divided into two parts: Indian Banking system and Bank-like financial institutions. For each type of banking institutions, a brief introduction, some recent statistics and corresponding functions will be included. The outline of this report is as follows:
1. Indian Banking system
1.1 Central Bank – Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
1.2 Commercial Banks
－ Public sector Banks
－ Private Banks
－ Foreign Banks
1.3 Co-operative Banks
－ Primary Credit Societies
－ Central Co-operative Banks
－ State Co-operative Banks
1.4 Regional Rural Banks
1.5 Development Banks
1.6 Specialized Banks
－ Export Import Bank of India
－ Small Industries Development Bank of India
－ National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development
2. Indian Bank-like financial institutions
2.1 Microfinance institutions
2.2 Development financial institutions
1. Indian Banking system
Reserve bank of India, commercial banks, co-operative banks and regional rural banks broadly make up the banking system in India. There are two more types of banks, namely development banks and specialized banks for some particular purposes.
1.1 Central Bank – Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the central bank of India, which was established in 1935, has been fully owned by the government of India since nationalization in 1949.
Like the central bank in most countries, Reserve Bank of India is entrusted with the functions of guiding and regulating the banking system of a country. The main functions of RBI are to:
1. Formulate and monitor the monetary policy, aiming to stabilize the price level and ensure adequate flow of credit to productive sectors.
2. Issue or destroy currency and coins not fit for circulation, aiming to give the public adequate quantity of supplies of currency notes and coins and in good quality.
3. Regulate and supervise the financial system by prescribing broad parameters of banking operation, aiming to maintain public confidence and protect depositors’ interest.
4. Manage the Foreign Exchange Management Act, aiming to facilitate external trade and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market.
5. Act as Indian government’s banker, performs merchant banking function for the central and the state governments
6. Maintain deposit accounts of all other banks and advances money to other banks, when needed.
The recent focus of RBI is to cut asset (real estate, property) price inflation by formulating suitable monetary policy that is healthy to the economy of India.
1.2 Commercial Banks
There are three types of commercial banks in India
1. Public sector banks
2. Private banks
3. Foreign banks
Currently, there are 88 scheduled commercial banks, including 28 public sector banks, 29 private banks and 31 foreign banks.
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking authority of the United States. It acts as a fiscal agent for the United States government and is custodian of the reserve accounts of commercial banks, makes loans to commercial banks, and is authorized to issue Federal Reserve notes that constitute the entire supply of paper currency of the country. Created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, it is comprised of 12 Federal Reserve banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, and the Federal Advisory Council, and since 1976, a Consumer Advisory Council which includes several thousand member banks. The board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System determines the reserve requirements of the member banks within statutory limits, reviews and determines the discount rates established pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act to serve the public interest; it is governed by a board of nine directors, six of whom are elected by the member banks and three of whom are appointed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve banks are located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Saint Louis, Minneapolis, Kansas City and Dallas.
Her main responsibilities, and duties include overseeing the day to day operations of the branch, providing support and guidance for the branch staff, visiting local businesses to try and grow her branch, approving, and not approving loans her lending staff requests for their members, training new hires, helping members and reporting daily, weekly, and monthly on various aspects of banking.
...gional Federal Reserve Bank. Monetary policy regarding open market operations is established by the FOMC. Policy regarding reserve requirements and the discount rate is determined by the Federal Reserve Bank. Another role in which the Federal Reserve plays a major part is in the supervision and regulation of the U.S. banking system. The examination of institutions for safety and solidity - banking supervision - is shared with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which supervises national banks, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which supervises state banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System. The implementation of the Federal Reserve in 1913 was truly a great assett to financial and American well being. Without the Federal Reserve, we would have no agency to control monetary policy and push the economy towards full employement.
The Federal Reserve System is a central banking of the US Government, most commonly known as the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government. It issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. Congress created the Fed in 1913. It was designed to ensure political independence and sensitivity to the many different economic concerns. The chairman and the six other members of the Board of Governors who oversea the Fed are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. There are twelve District Reserve Banks, subsequently located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, in Richmond, VA. In Atlanta, GA., Cleveland, OH. St. Louis and Kansas City, MO., Chicago, Minneapolis MI., Dallas, TX. And San Francisco. Each bank is responsible to a 9 member Board of Directors, which is set in a three-class system. The three classes are defined as A, B, and member banks elect C. Class A and the Board of Governors appoints B Directors and Class C. The Board of Directors is responsible for the administration of its banks and the appointment of the banks president and vice-president. This process is set from the base...
In the study of macroeconomics there are several sub factors that affect the economy either favorably or adversely. One dynamic of macroeconomics is monetary policy. Monetary policy consists of deliberate changes in the money supply to influence interest rates and thus the level of spending in the economy. “The goal of a monetary policy is to achieve and maintain price level stability, full employment and economic growth.” (McConnell & Brue, 2004).
This is a monetary policy which involves the government’s intervention to curb disorderly trends in the foreign currencies level. In case the quantity of a local currency goes down, the central bank uses the foreign currencies to buy its currency from the foreign economies. This ensures that the economy has ample home currency and thus enough money in circulation.
stability and uphold the value of the dollar. The Fed is able to make the necessary
There is a constant flow of cash and funds through the financial system due to the financial institutions as they assist money movement among the borrowers and lenders (lecture notes, chapter 8, 9, 15) a financial institution is basically a firm like a bank which acts as a safe house for depositors to keep their money and also provide loan with interest to others and this how they expand the institution. This is the basic concept of the way the economics works in a country and also how a bank functions. All the banks are connected to one another and if there is a problem in one of the banks the bank looses it image in the minds of the people and if it’s a big problem it can cause disaster within the financial system of the country and this can only be caused due to shortage of liquid cash. To have a proficient system the bank has to be sure to be liquid to avoid any problems. (Chapter 1) To help avoid this problem the government lays down regulations for the banks through prudential supervision (Chapter 2). The Australian regulatory power is Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), whereas in Singapore it is Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The key concept of their job is to assure the people that their money is in safe hands. Keeping the capital safe is essential as it assists the bank to expand and help them pay off any debts when needed (Chapter 2). In context to if there is an emergency as the government has some control on the banks it asks them to keep some money on the ...
It prepares the annual fiscal budget and issue adequate regulations for its implementation and handle government financial assets. It suggests bills related to the management of government employees, specifically bills related to staffing, salaries, benefits and pensions. Other than that, amortization of debt and coordination of financial activities are carried out within the scope of its power, for the different ministries and their associated entities. Ministry of finance also participates in the conciliation of international free trade and financial agreement as well as exercise all powers and rights as conferred on it in the Central Bank Law.
While banking and financial institutions have play an important role in contributing the economic growth by collecting and allocating the resources to those who in need of finance, it also can bring the financial chaos to the economy as well. Since this industry is a sentitive and fragile one, the banking superivision is required to monitor on the banking system aiming to identify and measure risks in order to protect not only the financial institutions but also the customers from the contagious risk that would happen without any alert. Moreover, banking supervision is established in order to protect depositors against avoidable losses, thereby contributing to confidence in the financial system and the
The foreign exchange market is one of important mechanism in the international business because foreign exchange is an intermediary for all nations in term of the growth of the economy. There are many functions of foreign exchange market in the global economy. In the international business, it uses the foreign exchange markets in four ways. First, the pay...
It is a known fact that the banking industry plays a huge role in today’s society, the industry has grown rapidly of many decades and still growing. The banking sector is that sector of the society that is actually responsible for the handling of financial assets for other sector of the economy, they do this by investing the financial assets in order to create more wealth in the society while regulating all the activities involved in the process. (What is the banking Sector 2015)
Never have I ever climbed a mountain peak. As a child, I imagined myself conducting expeditions in deep-frozen pathways, leading amateur explorers to the top of the world, and instructing rookies in surviving harsh blizzards. Even though slightly altered, my childhood dream has been achieved. I led a team of fellow classmates, in my Strategic Management course, to the success summit of a financial competition. Over the course of a semester, I and my teammates were supposed to create and manage a company of the IT industry, in a computer-simulated environment, along with other four rival teams. I dealt with strategy and financial matters of our virtual enterprise, while my colleagues were working on marketing and manufacturing. During the four months of the exercise, I have experienced finance from various aspects: capital budgeting, through selecting favorable investment for upcoming quarters; debt management, by assessing the necessary amount and efficiency of loans; profitability analysis and dividend policy, which had been used to compile the company’s general performance index. Working in a multinational team, which included an American, a Norwegian and a Moldovan, strengthen my negotiations skills, as well as flexibility and cooperation. But above all, this experience intensified my passion for finance. Of course, a pleasant bonus was the fact that, in the end, our company’s financial performance was six times the performance of second-best team.
Banks sector is playing an important role in economies. The banking industry, as the classic and the most influential of financial intermediaries, facilitates economic operations. Financial sector in the worldwide country has been changes over these years by looking the changes of financial structure environment and economic conditions. Thus, banks are a very important point to financial system and play an important role as control and contribute growth to the economic sector.
This is followed in section 5 by an analysis of the recent changes in the banking industry. With the development of the financial system, declining entry barriers and the deregulation of the banking industry make banks no longer the monopoly suppliers of banking services and reduce their comparative advantages which they usually hold in the past. Whether the reasons give rise to the existence of banks are still powerful will be examined here, while section 6 offers a way of considering whether banks are declining by looking at the value added by the banks. When the value added by banks is examined, banks are not a financial intermediation, which not only conduct the traditional services but also provide more diversified