Some political scientists and authors believe that Mohammad Ali Jinnah was a nationalist who made considerable efforts for Hindu Muslim unity in the initial phase of his political career and in the later phase of his career, his ideology changed from nationalism to communalism
Ayesha Jalal ,the author of ‘The Sole Spokesman’ provides some arguments in favour of Jinnah’s efforts for Hindu Muslim Unity. “The Khilafat Movement” was launched in India by the Indian Muslims in support of the Calif or the ottoman emperor against the British. Mahatma Gandhi extended support to this movement so as to unite Hindus and Muslims for his Non-cooperation movement.This decision of Gandhi was opposed by Jinnah (Jalal 1999). According to Jalal (1999), Jinnah
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Jinnah’s communal approach was instrumental in formation of Pakistan. But was Jinnah solely responsible for the partition of India?
There are many views on this question. Some believe that Jinnah was solely responsible for creation of Pakistan.
It is stated that: Mohammad Ali Jinnah feared that Muslims would be excluded from prospects of advancement if it is ruled by a Hindu social organisation. Due to this reason he transformed the league into an instrument to unite the Indian Muslims. He then emerged as a leader of Muslims and under his leadership, the league adopted the resolution to form separate muslim state in 1940. Though Congress and the British were against this, Jinnah led the movement with such a great skill that it forced Congress and the British to accept the partitioning of India. (Mohammad Ali Jinnah,2015,Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Retrieved March 15,2015
...ng religion and foreign to the people of India, yet there is a defied truth that Islam’s spread peacefully throughout India with the alliances formed between the Indian people, the Turks, and the Mongols. The encounters that the ancient Indian people had to endure with the Turks, Mongols, and Islam have had the most memorable impact and impression on Indian culture and other societies throughout the east. Ancient Indian history is often overlooked within our society, but perhaps there should be a second look at how the Indian people have became who they are today, what attributes that have given society, and what pandemonium they have overcame as a civilization to stay in existence and stand against the test of time.
The Partition of India led to millions of people displaced and marked as one of the largest mass migration ever over the world. August 15, 1947 was a very significant day for Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and many others. It marked the day of the British partition of India, and India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 200 years of British rule. This successful attainment of independence from colonial rule defined a narrative of religious nationalism, but also has led to displacement and violence between the two nation states of India and Pakistan. Once a peaceful union of Muslims and Hindus had become separated, whereas Muslims got Pakistan and Hindus got an independent India (Best et al, 2008). “The Other Side of Silence” (Butalia, 2000, pp.264-300) the oral testimony of a Punjabi woman Maya Rani, who was a child living in Pakistan during the Partition. Her testimony was crucial to understand the historiography of the event, because she was a witness of the impact of the Partition, but she was not directly involved in the violence that the emergence and independence of India that has brought.
Pakistan is created in order to give the Muslims a place which they can call their own.
While Lalvani claimed that Britain built the framework for India’s government and that the transition to unified India was peaceful, they
Nur Al-din played an instrumental role in uniting the Muslim world for the first time since the arrival of the Crusaders through the use of jihad as a powerful tool and driving force behind the Muslim recovery. Nur Al-din used jihad to rally the fractured Muslim world, revitalize and heal it, and gain for himself political power and legitimacy. Although his career as a military leader of jihad was less noteworthy to Muslim chroniclers, Nur Al-din made tremendous contributions to the Muslim world both in the religious and military arenas.
After WW2 Britten had been considerably weaken because of World War 2. The fighting also took an exhausting tool on them and on the military and financial recourses. They were so exhausted from the war that they did not resist much when a global independence move swept through the countries they colonized. While the colonized people had a new desire to fight for their independence the Europeans were to war-weary and had little desire to fight back. For years now India had been demanding self-rule from Britten, but as their wish drew closer so did the tension between the Muslim minorities in a land who’s majority was Hindu. Most of the leaders in India were Hindu and they wanted to involve both Muslims and Hindus into the Congress Party. But
2. Akbar discussed about others' religious beliefs often. On many occasions, it became know to him that other religious people were intolerant of others religious beliefs. This ushered Akbar to form Din-i-Illahi, which not only did not discriminate against other religions, but provided ideas of peace and unity.
Throughout history there has been people who have tried to change history by heroic action. During the 1900’s, there was individual named Mahatma Gandhi, an Indian Nationalist. He was a leader of the Indian Independence Moment against the British rule in India. Gandhi at times would, “attack Western materialism and individualism (p.436).” The people of India praised him for many of his Hindu traditions, along with him attacking the, “caste system and urged harmony with Muslims (p.436).”
of Bengal. This gave the foreigners effective control of administration. The Marathas, the Sikhs and ...
Yasser Latif Hamdani is a prolific, young writer and an ardent lawyer based in Lahore, Pakistan. In 1998, he went to Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA, for his graduation before moving to Punjab University for his further education. He has authored "Jinnah; Myth and Reality," in which he argues that Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, wanted Pakistan to be a secular democratic state. As a lawyer, Hamdani has contested several public interest cases including the Bhagat Singh case. Currently, he is arguing the case for unblocking YouTube in Pakistan. Also, he has been named as one of the 12, Asia society's young leaders for the year 2013. Besides being a dynamic, social activist, Yasser Hamdani writes regularly for Daily Times Pakistan, Friday Times and Express Tribune. Not only is he against religious fundamentalism, he continues to bolster through his writings the fair treatment of Ahmadis, a minority in Pakistan, and this is one of his reasons behind writing this article "Do Ahmadis deserve to live in Pakistan?" The article was published in Friday Times on September, 06, 2012, and right away met colossal disapproval at the hands of the adherents of Islamic fundamentalism. But the noninterventionist elements of the society, somehow, conformed to it. This article can also be significantly seen in the present context, provided the issue portrayed by it is still rampant.
1909-Revocation of Partition of Bengal. Creates anti-British and anti-Hindu sentiments among Muslims as they lose their majority in East Bengal.
Mujtaba, Syed Ali. "Nationalism In An Age Of Globalization – An Indian Experience." 21 January 2008. Indian Muslims. 12 November 2011 .
Within the context of the period 1847-1947 to what extent was Indian independence primarily the result of the growth of Indian nationalism?
...tween the Hindus and Muslims, Jinnah felt that Muslims had no future in India (Overfield 216). With the end of British rule in 1947, not only did India gain its independence but also along with it was born an other country, Pakistan where Jinnah served as the first governor (Overfield 216). With the gain of India’s independence, Gandhi was shot the following year in 1948 by a Hindu zealot who resented his commitment to Hindu – Muslim harmony (Overfield 212).
“The strongest physical force bends before moral force when used in the defense of truth.” - Mahatma Gandhi (Bondurant). Mahatma Gandhi was the main leader in helping India become independent through the principles of non violence, self-rule, and the unity of Hindus and Muslims. His full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, but he was given the name Mahatma later on in his life. He wanted to see an united India without the rule of the British Empire. He accomplished this with passive resistance or resistance by non violence because he wanted to show that violence is not always the best answer.