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enlightenment and its connection to the declaration of independance
enlightenment and its connection to the declaration of independance
enlightenment and its connection to the declaration of independance
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After gaining independence from Spain and Portugal in the 1820s, Latin American colonies had a lot ahead of them. They had to establish their own governments and economies in the midst of recovering from wars. Founding these was going to be difficult as they had been under colonial rule for a long time and there was a lot of unrest in the colonies. Although it would have been difficult there was great potential for a strong economy and democracy. This potential stemmed from a few things. A strong economy would have been possible because Latin America is rich with minerals, gold, and silver. Democracy also seemed attainable, in part from the ideas that started independence movements, including enlightenment ideas and the successful revolution in the United States. A democracy appeared to be very possible but there were also concerns that the newly freed colonies would struggle to establish a strong government, these concerns were addressed by Simon Bolivar in The Jamaica Letter.
Independence movements in Latin America were inspired the successful revolution in the United States and the ideas of the enlightenment reaching them. People in the colonies wanted free trade and press as
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These ideas from the enlightenment should have helped the new countries to establish a strong democracy. The Enlightenment also fueled the desire for equality before the law, free trade, and free press. The American Revolution should have helped to create a democracy, because it should have showed that a recently freed country could be successful with a new government and not simply fall to pieces. The Latin American colonies also had Although Simon Bolivar was considered to be the George Washington of Latin America, he did suggest that the people could struggle to form a republic because
Don Simon Bolivar wrote a letter, which is known as La Carta de Jamaica, to an uncertain person but many believe it was the English Governor of Jamaica. The letter was dated September 6, 1815 and confirmed the revolutionary figure’s commitment and determination to rid latin American from the bonds of the Spanish Empire. Throughout his letter, Bolivar criticized spanish colonialism and called for unification and opposition against foreign rule. This was before Argentina, Chile, and Peru were liberated from the Spanish Conquistadores. However, Simon Bolivar was able to free his home country Venezuela from the Spaniards in 1811, but he knew that there was more he can do to help the other countries under Spanish rule. However, Bolivar also understood that uniting such countries could be difficult for many reaso, but th most difficult obstacle Bolivar had to overcome the fact he had been exiled. Banished, yet determined,
During the 1800s there were many revolutions that caused fighting and disagreement in Europe and Latin America. Many brave countries stood up to the mother country to fight the vicious battle for independence. One of the many countries fighting for independence was Haiti. Haiti was trying to get independence from France. In 1804 Saint Domingue declared their independence and named the new nation. Another country fighting for the battle of independence was Mexico. Mexico fought hard with Spain to gain their independence. There was a dispute between the mexicans because some did not want to fight against Spain and just stay a part of their nation and government. Miguel Hidalgo made the first public call for Mexican Independence in 1821. In document 5 there is a painting and all the people of Mexico are taking part in the movement for independence no matter what color they are. The people are taking pride in their country and beliefs by holding up signs and following Father Miguel Hidalgo.
Captivation or being restrained due to certain circumstances that prevents free choice is usually one of many great reasons to form revolutionary ideas. To get from captivation to liberation, one must consider change, a major component needed in order to gain freedom after enslavement. Latin America, in the eighteen hundreds, sought the need for change due to the resentment of the Spanish rule. Simon Bolivar, the revolutionary leader of Latin America, will seek independence from Spain. It was in Jamaica where Bolivar wrote a letter known as the “Jamaican Letter”, one of Bolivar’s greatest proposals. The letter emphasizes his thoughts and meanings of the revolution while envisioning a variety of governmental structures, of the New World, that could one day be recognized.
The Enlightenment period in Europe was a shift in the way that society thought about power and liberty. The ideals of this period helped to inspire the revolutions of the 18th century. The American colonies desired liberty from foreign rule, the French wanted to increase the power of the people in their class structure, and the Haitians fought for representation for the millions of slaves on their island. While the ideas of the enlightenment were not fully employed in each of these revolutions, they brought the nations closer to a fully representative government, rather than one of absolute power.
Latin America’s independence kicked of with the independence of Haiti. Before the the independence movement that overtook Latin America, Haiti had gained independence twenty years before the movement. The Spanish Empire had been in decline for a period of time after the rise of the English empire and many failed battles on the Spanish (class notes). The French Revolution and the American Revolution had inspired many of the Latin American countries to fight for independence (Chapter 3). They were inspired by the Enlightenment that washed over Europe. Of the inspired, one man stood out and took the movement by heart.
In Anzia Yezierska's novel Bread Givers, we learn about a struggle between Sara Smolinsky and her father. Her father, an Orthodox rabbi, is stuck in the traditions of the old world and will not tolerate Sara's longing for independence. This novel takes place in New York's Lower East Side, where the population mainly consists of Jewish immigrants who have come to America in hopes of living a better life than they lived in the shtetls. In America, for the family's who still lived by the traditions of the old world, life for the women was no different that life in the shtetls.
Enlightenment ideas in Latin America took place during the 1700's to the early 1800's. These ideas were appealed to the people because they taught that man was free and that all were equal. These ideas were important especially in countries were slavery existed and countries under the control of foreign powers. The Spark that ignited wide spread revolt was napoleon's invasion of Spain. He ousted the Spanish king and placed his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne. Latin American leaders saw Spain's opportunity to reject foreign domination and demand independence from colonial rule. Two places that were influenced by the enlightenment were Haiti and South America. Toussaint L'Ouverture was also influenced by the enlightenment.
In chapter seven, Menchaca discusses how after the Mexican Independence of 1821, land laws and regulations were instituted in the Southwest by the new Mexican government. The Mexican Government issued the General Colonization law of 1824 that stated that all heads of households in the Southwest who were citizens/or immigrants to Mexico were eligible to claim land. This new legislation was very different from the earlier Spanish government. With the instruction of this new law, no racial group was to be favored in the amount of land they acquired or received. The main goal of the law was to undo the effects of the Spanish land grant system, which favored Whites and military officials. As many people acquired land, many Indian villages became
The leadership in South America compared to the leadership in Mexico was quite different. But in some areas, where they were compared were very similar. In both places, a Revolution had begun. Starting with how they are both similar, Mexico and South America both wanted independence. They wanted to be free from the old fashioned ways of life, to start fresh and bring in new ideas to their people. In South America, their head leadership consisted of so very popular men named Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. These men were both wealthy, Simon was a Venezuela Creole, which is a Spaniard born in Latin America, and Jose was a great liberator, or a person who sets people free from imprisonment. In some ways these two men worked together to gain their independence but then again not at all. In 1811, Simon had gained its independence from Spain. A major struggle, that was only the beginning. Simon suffered from many defeats and was exiled twice. But he never gave up hope. In a turning point, Simon led over 20,000 soldiers into Columbia and took a victory from the Spanish Bogota. By 1821 he had won Venezuelan independence. From here he marched into South Ecuador where he met Jose. Simon’s ways of gaining independence was only the beginning of South Americas revolution.
Latin American Independence was the drive for independence from Spain and France by the Latin American people. There were many contributing factors that ultimately led to the uprising of Latin American colonies. Europe's strong hold on the economic and political life of Latin America, was creating friction between the Latin Colonies and the European nations. Eventually, this would become enough for the Latin American people and the drive for independence from France and Spain would begin.
The American Revolution marked the divorce of the British Empire and its one of the most valued colonies. Behind the independence that America had fought so hard for, there emerged a diverging society that was eager to embrace new doctrines. The ideals in the revolution that motivated the people to fight for freedom continued to influence American society well beyond the colonial period. For example, the ideas borrowed from John Locke about the natural rights of man was extended in an unsuccessful effort to include women and slaves. The creation of state governments and the search for a national government were the first steps that Americans took to experiment with their own system. Expansion, postwar depression as well as the new distribution of land were all evidence that pointed to the gradual maturing of the economic system. Although America was fast on its way to becoming a strong and powerful nation, the underlying issues brought about by the Revolution remained an important part in the social, political and economical developments that in some instances contradicted revolutionary principles in the period from 1775-1800.
In the late 1700s, the revolutionary fever that gripped Western Europe had spread to Latin America. There discontent was rooted in the social, racial, and political system that had emerged during the 300 years of spanish rule. Latin American countries wanted to be free from Europe rule, as well as the American colonies. Latin America gained its encouragement from two independence movements which were from the American Revolution (1700s) and the French Revolution (1789). What caused Latin America to seek its independence was precursor movements, colonial policies, european influences, and the european events. American Revolution, Haitian Revolution, and Internal Revolts Uprising led to the precursor movements. Napoleons invasion, French Revolution,
Seligson M. A., 2008, Challenges to Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from the Americas Barometer 2007-2007, USAID
Reflecting back on the statement historian Jaime E. Rodriguez gave on the impact that independence had on the people of Latin America. “The emancipation of [Latin America] did not merely consist of separation from the mother country, as in the case of the United States. It also destroyed a vast and responsive social, political, and economic system that functioned well despite many imperfections.” I believe that the eagerness to get rid of slaves
At the end of the 18th century, there were many revolts in the Spanish Americas, but these insurgencies didn’t have the intention to bring independence, in fact they fought corrupt officials and the implementation of the Bourbon reforms, in the name of the king. These revolts didn’t evolve into movements of independence because of the remoteness of the cities that they occurred in and the magnitude of the Spanish Americas, the Bourbon reforms weren’t set in place at the same time in all places, so people weren’t discontent simultaneously, there were deep social divisions at the time, and the political theory and ideas that these movements had weren’t those of independence. Although this was true, a few decades later in the early 19th century,