The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been steadily increasing, in contrast to the steady decline of other head and neck cancers.1- 5 This trend has been attributed to the increased incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive OPSCC,6,7 comprising 40.5% of cases of OPSCC before 2000 and up to 70% since 2009 (P < .001).3 The differing etiologies for OPSCC has been shown to affect 2 different patient populations with differing overall prognosis. Human papillomavirus–positive OPSCC affects younger, nonsmoking, white males and patients with more extensive sexual history.1,8- 12 Human papillomavirus–negative OPSCC tends to affect older patients with a history of heavy tobacco smoking and alcohol use, similar to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) affecting other locations.5,13,14 Patients with HPV-positive OPSCC have been proven to have a more favorable prognosis6,8,15,16 and quality of life17 than those with HPV-negative OSPCC. ..Given that T stage in OPSCC correlates with prognosis, the best opportunity for cure is when tumors are asymptomatic and small (<2...
Cervical cancer tissues and normal cervical tissues were collected from 24 newly diagnosed patients with primary cervical cancer, in order to perform the experiments outlined in the paper. Experiments were also performed on the following human cervical carcinoma cell lines: HeLa, SiHa, C33A, and CaSki, which were purchased from a company. The researchers extracted the genomic DNA from the samples collected. The DNA was then bisulfite modified and amplified using PCR. The PCR product was then examined through gel electrophoresis to insure a single band was obtained, and then sequenced by Invitrogen. Methylation-specific PCR was then carried out of the bisulfate-treated DNA. This was done to check the consistency of the ...
Most animals are susceptible to the development of cancer at some stage of their life. Among all types of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is one of the skin cancer that commonly affects domestic animals. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer caused by neoplasms arising from the squamous epithelium of an animal regardless of species. However, this essay will only focus on this condition among felines since my chosen species is a white cat called Rosie. There are several forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among felines, which are known as solar keratosis and multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ, sometimes known as Bowen’s-like disease, but in this case, Rosie is diagnosed with
The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma has been raised by 10.8% by 2004 since 1991. Distinctively, oroharynx cancer is prevalent biased toward men at least who are 50 years old of age than women. But this brings a new epidemiological concern because vast majority of men who has oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were HPV-positive. For example, the study conducted in, Colorado is experiencing 36.6% increased incidence rate of oropharyngeal caner. The HPV-related oropharyngeal SCC among men enhanced 12 times greater in past 20 years (Ernster et al. 2007). There is a declining rate in laryngeal cancer; however, there is sharp increase trend of cancer in tonsil and fairly stable rate in other HNC related cancer (Ryerson et al. 2008). However, decreased tonsillectomies in United States for past 40 years may be contributing to greater susceptibility of HPV in the tonsils (Ernster et al., 2007).
Papillary Carcinoma a lot of times grows very slowly. Typically mature in only one of the lobes of the thyroid gland, in patients under the age of forty-five. Cancer often spreads to the lymph nodes in the neck, still resulting in treatment which is usually successful and is rarely fatal. Papillary carcinoma is most likely to affect women that are in their childbearing stages in life. According to MedicineNet.com, “About eight of ten thyro...
Sexually transmitted infection (STI) is acknowledged as a sporadic cause of cervical cancer.The aetiological association is restricted to the family of the human papillomaviruses (HPV's) (Bosch et al, 2008).
Adams, Heather P., and Erica L. Carnright. "HPV Infection And Cervical Cancer Prevention." Clinician Reviews 23.9 (2013): 42-50. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2013
They also go on to say, “Two HPV types (16 and 18) cause 70% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions.” The most common forms of cancer caused by HPV are cervical cancers, anal cancer, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers, and have been seen to cause oropharyngeal cancer (National Cancer Institute). Some are more common than others and they are also less dangerous. Cervical cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by HPV. According to the World Health Organization, “In 2008, there were an estimated 529,000 new cases and 274, 00 deaths due to cervical cancer.” HPV is very dangerous and it is something that has to be taken
A review of his medical record indicates that less than 6 months ago he was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the right tonsil. He is followed by Dr. Abesada (oncologist) for chemotherapy and Dr. Castillo for radiologist oncology. He had completed his radiation treatment and continues to receiving chemotherapy. He is schedule to have a follow up PET scan in 2 months. He suffers from dysphagia which is related to his tonsil cancer. As a result he has a PEG tube and takes 5 can of 2 cal Hn daily via peg. He also suffers form constipation- opiate induced and hearing loss which began when he started his chemo and radiation treatment.
“Since 1990, over 6 million Americans have died of cancer, more than the combined casualties from the Civil war, WWII, and the Vietnam and Korean conflicts combined” (Faguet, p. 5). According to American Cancer Society projections, there were 1,529,560 new cases of cancer in 2010. Cancer is becoming more and more common around the world. New cancers are constantly being discovered. Researchers are finding new ways to detect cancer and treat it so that the fatality rate does not rise. However, there are some cancers that researchers have not yet discovered a cure for. It is very important for Cancer Research to continue so that one day these cancers will no longer be a treat.
Wexner Med. Corp. "Oral Cancer and Tobacco." Oral Cancer and Tobacco. Ohio State University, Aug. 2010. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
The three regions include the nasopharynx, which is the area behind the back of the throat and nose, the oropharynx, which is the base of the tongue and the tonsil region, and the hyopharynx, which is the bottom part of the throat. Alcohol use, smoking (tobacco or marijuana), and chewing tobacco can cause throat cancer. Leukoplakia, which is white spots or patches in the mouth, can be considered a risk factor. There are symptoms to throat cancer like any other disease.
Several types of cancer grow in the tongue but squamous cell carcinoma is the most common. Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that line the mouth and other organs.
Throat cancer is very rare these days. It usually occurs in the elderly population and is more likely to affect men 5 times more than women. Throat Cancer is very interesting because it not only chooses a specific gender to go after but occurs in the elderly population more often. There’s many stories of people who woke up with a lump on their neck and ignored it but sooner or later they went to their physician and found out that they had throat cancer. My task for this paper is to enlighten others of Throat Cancer.
One of the many diseases caused by insufficient dental hygiene is Periodontitis. Periodontitis is inflammation of the gums. Whether or not one gets Periodontitis is usually genetically determined but poor oral health also plays a ginormous factor. Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in the United States, and affects over fifty percent of the entire U.S population (Kishore 2). When one is diagnosed for Periodontitis the risk increases for many other diseases and problems such as heart attacks, strokes, lung infections, for pregnant women low-weight babies at birth, pancreatic cancer, and many other cancers and problems (Caruso 79). Severe Periodontal disease can lead to coronary heart disease, and even oral cancer. Oral and Pharyngeal cancers amount for five percent of all cancers, affecting thirty thousand people in the United States each year, and the risk increases with age. After one is diagnosed with oral cancer only fifty percent of all oral cancer patients will still be alive after five years (Kishore 2). Treatments for oral cancers can cause many other problems themselves. Some cancer treatments cause patients to suffer from xerostomia, swollen mouth, disfigurement, altered speech and/or chewing, loss of appetite, and make one more susceptible to infections (Kishore 2). Poor oral health often leads to bad breath, but on some occasions bad breath can indicate gum