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Inclusion in education
Inclusion in education
Inclusion in education
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It has been theorised by Liddle (1963) that disaffected children can make up to 25% of the school population, however this term can refer to several different groups of students, including those with SEN needs. From what I have observed and the classes I have taught I feel that there tends to be around three or four ‘invisible children’ per classroom, depending on class size. These children are generally overlooked by members of staff as do not openly contribute to class discussions and most importantly never cause any disruption. The following essay will attempt to look at the strategies available to include this group of children within the maths classroom, linking together observation and good practice and considering the implications of this in my future career.
Even in the early stages of observing my new year eight class I noticed that something was different about Pupils A and B in that they were very quiet and preferred to work alone. When I was starting to think about taking over the class I would try and make an effort to communicate with them before the start of the lesson, even if it was just to ask, “Did you have a good weekend?” to which I would normally get a one word answer.
“Although creating good relationships is a two way street, you might have to persist with your positive efforts for a long time before some students let you in.” (Cowley 2009: 120)
I would repeat this action for every lesson, talking to a few select students as they entered; which just happened to always include my two ‘invisible’ children. I found that the above statement from Cowley did appear to be true, in particular for Pupil A whom after a while would arrive and ask me if I had a nice weekend. This was just one of the stra...
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Crozier. W. R. (1997) Individual learners. London: Routledge.
Pye, J. (1989) Invisible children. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Holt, J. (1982) How children fail. Merloyd Lawrence Delta.
Cowley, S. (2009) How to survive your first year in teaching. 2nd Ed,. Continuum International Publishing Group.
Black, P et al. (2002) Working inside the black box. London: nferNelson Publishing Company Ltd
Liddle, G. (1963) The schools job with the disaffected. ASCD. [Online] [Accessed on 22 December 2011] http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el_196302_liddle.pdf
Lane, M. (2010) Where hands-up in class is banned. BBC. [Online] [Accessed on 22 December 2011] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11090044
Kagan, S and Kagan, M. (2001) Kagan cooperative learning. Kagan Publishing.
Montgomery, D. (2000) Able underachievers. London: Whurr Publishers.
When I first entered the classroom I noticed how different this elementary school was from my own. It is the only other elementary school I have been in other than the one I attended. This allowed me to get a better understanding on how every school is unique and different from the next. When I first met Joel I noticed how happy and talkative he is. Right away we had a conversation and he never wanted to stop talking. While we would try to read he would get easily distracted, but not because he did not know the words more since he could not stay focused. I realized this is because he is a kindergartener and has not had too much experience with reading on his own. I can tell that he will be able to get into reading once he focuses more on the
Different theories present own opinion of the most effective way through curriculum models. ‘Curriculum models are approaches or procedures for implementing a curriculum’. (Wilson, 2009: 522) Commonly curriculum are described as product, process and praxis. While curriculum as a product depends on the objectives as the learning goals and the measured means, a process model focuses on learning and relationship between learner and teacher. Chosen curriculum model depends on teaching and assessment strategies in some cases determinate by awarding bodies, organisational constrains, funding body and political initiatives. The dominant modes of describing and managing education are today couched in the productive form. Objectives are set, a plan drawn up, then applied, and the outcomes (products) measured. It is a way of thinking about education that has grown in influence in the United Kingdom since the late 1970s with the rise of ‘vocationalism’ and the concern of competencies. In the late 1980s and the 1990s many of the debates about the National Curriculum for schools did not so much concern how the curriculum was thought about as to what its objectives and content might be. (Wilson, 2009)
What do we do with children with disabilities in the public school? Do we include them in the general education class with the “regular” learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where children spend part of their day in a regular education setting and the rest of the day in a special education or resource class for the opportunity to work in a smaller group setting on specific needs. The need for care for children with identified disabilities both physical and learning continues to grow and the controversy continues.
The movement for inclusion in education has advanced since the years of special schools for children with disabilities. Although there have been significant changes to the laws protecting the rights of children with disabilities there remains an underlying debate as to whether these children should be in main stream classes. Most states and territories in Australia practice inclusive education, however this remains a contentious topic with differing attitudes. It is evident whilst many challenges remain, schools should implement and deliver quality programs that reflect best practice policies. Positive teacher attitudes, promoting diversity, modelling inclusion in the classroom and developing a sense of community by working in partnerships
We need to adapt vocabulary and consider how we interact positively with pupils as we listen and respond them.
This paper explores the factors involved in success in the teaching field regardless of the environment. The information is based on the interview of current teacher Jane Satrom and her experience with a variety of adversities as a long time educator such as attending professional learning community (PLC) and department planning period (DPP) meetings. Her responses to various questions are compared to written advice for success in the college textbook Peak Performance: Success in College and Beyond in order to verify which skills and strategies are necessary in order to succeed. Major themes discussed are self-control, motivation, time management, and goal setting as used to succeed in the classroom. There are varying perspectives in the definition
As American’s we place a high level of importance on attending school and receiving a certain level of education. Across the world, the recommendations for attending school vastly differ based on the culture of the society. In America, we require our children to attend school until they are almost of legal age, push high school graduates to attend college and we constantly emphasize structured learning. Many children in today’s world lack many skills that would allow them to “teach” themselves outside of school leading to an increased interest in televisions, computers, and phones. Technology has taken away society’s attention away from independent learning such as reading, writing, and outside experiences. John Taylor Gatto’s emotional voice in his writing “Against School” has allowed me reveal my psychological voice regarding the educational system.
In regards to Ofsted’s criteria of outstanding teaching, this method will struggle to engage all pupils, especially when it focuses more on able pupils. Garner, D (2000) describes this as vicarious learning and that a student spent 99% of the time listening to other people answering questions. From my experience in a secondary school, student will lose focus when they are not involved in the questioning and answering process. However, when students are questioned to work as a group there is a high level of participation from all
The implementation of policy and legislation related to inclusive education, thus being a focus on the diversity and difference in our society (Ashman & Elkins, 2009), would have vast implications on the way society views that which is different to the accepted “norm”.
This assignment will distinguish the relationships between teaching practice, children’s mathematical development and errors and misconceptions. Hansen explains how “children construct their own knowledge and understanding, and we should not see mathematics as something that is taught but rather something that is learnt” (A, Hansen, 2005). Therefore, how does learning relate to errors and misconceptions in the class room, can they be minimised and is it desirable to plan lessons that avoid/hide them? Research within this subject area has highlighted specific related topics of interest such as, the use of dialogue in the classroom, the unique child and various relevant theories which will be discussed in more depth. The purpose of this
Differences in appearance, social skills, personality, social class and academic abilities are all factors that students differ and make a truly diverse classroom. This diversity however, requires the role of an intellectual worker to build a depth of knowledge of a student’s social context. One that can help build relationships in and outside the classroom to understand and implement a more rounded curriculum. Down (2017, p. 122) explains the notion of ‘deficit thinking’ as, individuals, students, teachers and parents are to blame for school failure and individual under achievement and ignores the wider social context, therefore failing to question the institution of schooling. This line of thinking removes itself from the root cause of educational failure which is attributed to poverty, employment, housing and health (Down, 2017, p. 122). This is where connectedness comes in, linking students background knowledge and the curriculum to make the curriculum relevant to the student’s life external to the classroom (McGregor & Mills, 2017, p. 378). McGregor and Mills (2017, p. 373) explain, that students enter educational settings with a diverse range of skills and knowledge, however, they also enter from different backgrounds, environments, and levels of readiness for formal schooling. The importance of a teacher and student relationship is heightened in the socially disadvantaged and as McGregor and Mills (2017, p. 373) argue, lacking these relationships can result in disengagement and failure. However, by encouraging students to see the purpose of their learning and how it relates to their life, opens up a world of meaning for their learning (McGregor and Mills, 2017, p. 378). This meaningful learning for students allows for self exploration in a social context to help overcome social and economic disadvantages that contribute to school disengagement (McGregor, Mills te Riele & Hayes, as
In developing relationships with learners, Freire suggested spending time talking and listening to students in order to get to know them and to gain their participation in class. That admonition has been incorporated into practice by numerous other educators. While many of the strategies in Tom Daly’s book were simple classroom management tips (2013)...
“What does inclusive education mean for me as a teacher in 2014 and beyond? “
Sikkink, D. (1999). The social sources of alienation from public schools. Social Forces, 78(1), pp. 51-56. Retrieved December 7, 2004 from EBSCO database
“No parents beyond this point” – this apparently normal phrase conveys much more than just telling the parents not to pass certain points to the interior of a school. It is, on the contrary, reflecting the internalised ideology that signifies the dichotomy between school and the outside world (Vincent, 1996c) .