CHAPTER 3: RESULTS
The results are presented into two sections; the first part is based on, health care system, social-economic, access and culture factors (variables) that affect immunization services, the summarized analysis (See Appendix V,figure1) and the second part is focusing on the available innovative practices to improve immunization in Benin, Burkina and Cote d’ivoire.
3.1.2 Health care system factors.
The majority of decision makers mentioned vaccine stock out or occasional stock out as main factor which makes mothers not to adhere to vaccination calendar. The participants at health centre level identified lack of equipments and its maintenance as impeding the provision of outreach services for example lack of fuels for outreach services and lack of equipment ( motorcycles).A surprising notion that was also mentioned at health centre level was long waiting times. When mothers travel long distance and wait for long time at health centre due to commitment of health personnel or lack of staff they are unlikely to return for future services.
3.1.3 Social economic factors.
Social factors were identified as mainly related to demand side of immunization. Even though immunization services in the three countries are free at the point of contact. However, one health centre staff noted that ‘’there is a hidden cost that families pay to go for immunization services. The cost of buying the road- to- health immunization card and transport cost to travel to the immunization was associated poor patronage to the immunization session’’. Ignorance was also another factor mentioned by the decision makers, ‘’mother are not aware of the need for vaccination and they may not know the actual dates of next appointm...
... middle of paper ...
...ted. Local political and religious leaders are involved in order to gain support from the community they are involved with an aim to instil local ownership and empowerment of health services including immunization services to ensure that every child is vaccinated. Communication on the availability and date for immunization services are also announced in churches.
3.2.7 Flexible timing of immunization services.
Flexible timing was mentioned as one of the innovative solution to improve immunization. Apart from delivering routine immunisation on specify days, specific communities and places are targeted with immunization. The choice of the targeted place is based on a situational analysis to find out who the cases are, where and why are not being immunised. Markets a constitute one of the places where children are targeted with provision of immunization services
After watching The Vaccine War, the main concerns of vaccines are public safety, the aftermath of injecting harmful chemicals into ones’ body and the parents that choose not to vaccinate their children. In the beginning of the documentary, a mother, Jennifer Margulis, states she felt like it was not needed for her newborn child to be vaccinated for a sexual transmitted disease. She feels like the ingredients are scary for a young child to take in with an immature immune system. The other issue is a massive outbreak of disease that could have been prevented. The Center of Disease Control is carefully watching the town that Ms. Margulis lives, Ashland, Oregon, because it’s the least vaccinated places in America due to parents opting out of vaccines.
Health care is a major global issue that affects millions of people every day. In this paper I am going to review an important health care topic that includes childhood immunizations and religious exemption policies. Immunizations are one of the most cost-effective public health achievements that protect both individuals and the community as a whole. Vaccinated individuals help the community by creating what is called herd immunity for those who cannot be vaccinated due to age or current health conditions get some protection because the spread of contagious disease is contained. High vaccination rates and low incidences of diseases indicators of successful immunization programs.
From watching the documentary and listening to Brad Brigg discussion on Vaccination in Arkansas, as a future pharmacist, I have a role in playing in my community. I can recommend vaccinations to patients who come to my pharmacist who are either immunocompromised or might have people living with them who are. Also, getting more educated about vaccinations will make me more equipped to create awarenessness about the importance of vaccinations and be able to answer any questions my patients might have so they would be able to make informed decisions about vaccinations to protect themselves and the members of their families. I learnt that other health care professionals also have a r...
... a service which can help individuals and communities maintain optimum health. Immunisations are important in preventing communicable disease and health visitors are the key professionals in ensuring that families are aware of the seriousness of disease as well as the safety of immunisations. One way of ensuring that children receive immunisations would be to make them compulsory however this would mean that freedom of choice is removed and health visitors would need to police the public to ensure that they are attending appointments. In reality it would not be ethical to develop a law for immunisations therefore health promotion is the most efficient way to encourage parents to get their child vaccinated. With time the immunisation programme will grow as more diseases need to be prevented making the health visitors role in promoting them become even more important.
Each day researchers are finding out about vaccines and are realizing that there are a lot more risks than benefits. Dr Phillip F. Incao explains: “Today, far more children suffer from allergies and other chronic immune system disorders than from life-threatening infectious disease. It is neither reasonable nor prudent to persist in presuming that the benefits of any vaccination outweigh its risk” (qtd in Spaker). While infectious diseases are becoming uncommon there is no need for any person to get vaccinated. There have been many issues surrounding vaccinations all around the world.
In 1997, the American Nurses Association made a position statement supporting the intentional outreach to children and communities receiving vaccinations that still remains today. It states, “The fulfillment of the immunization goal is a major undertaking that cannot be realized...
“Childhood vaccines not only have personal benefits, but for entire communities and the future of public health” (Espejo 1). If a child goes without immunization, then he or she is also putting others at risk. Most parents do not consider all of the options and effects that come along with not having their child vaccinated. Many are quick to reject because of the possible side effects and harm it could cause. However, nothing in today’s world is completely harmless. An adult can easily be in a danger at work, while the child is in danger of disease at daycare. That is why it is completely necessary to vaccinate. By doing this, family, friends, and others are being protected as well (Allen 71). “There are also children who cannot get certain vaccines for medical or other reasons, and those who are too young to be vaccinated. These children have no protection if they are exposed to someone who is infected with a communicable disease” (Espejo 4). Commonly, this is not thought
Many parents do not want to get their children vaccinated because they are harmful to children, but vaccinations are not as harmful as they think. Parents should have to have their children vaccinated because there are less diseases now since the use of vaccinations, other people that can’t get vaccinated won’t contract any infectious diseases and there are less problems caused from being vaccinated than non-vaccinated. Vaccinations have proven to be useful time and time
Director National Immunization Program in a letter to the UK’s Chief Medical Officer 15 February 2002.
This article focus on a document publishes in the Canadian Paediatric Society website, which can help council hesitant parent that refuse to vaccine their children due to safety concern. This article use research information and premeditated steps to exemplify the issue surrounding the use of vaccine on children. Research shows that health care provider has a major influence on parental decision. In addition, Doctors should take into consideration and understand parent’s specific concern, by taking the time to explain the evidence so the hesitant parents will have a better understanding and this will determine whether a child get immunize. The information that present in the article comes from the “CPS” Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, which is research and educational source. This article provide a clear information on what can happen if a child is not vaccinate, due to the facts that parents believe if their child is healthy and strong that they will disease free. However, most parents based their information on what they heard on the media and internet for example, that vaccine cause autism, there is no prove that it does, however things like that will make any parents not want to vaccine their child. There are consequences of a parent not having their child. In Ontario if a child is not immunize they are, not allowed in the school system, this is due to the risk that may occur. For example, a child who is vaccine, but may have a low immune system will mostly like catch whatever disease or bacteria when he encounters that specific chi...
Wiesel, E. (2004). Disease prevention through immunization: Beginning of health care reform. S.l.: Diane Pub Co.
The CDC works closely with public health agencies and private partners in order to improve and sustain immunization coverage and to monitor the safety of vaccines so that public ...
According to World Book Advanced Encyclopedia, immunization is defined as the process of protecting the body against disease by means of vaccines or serums (Hinman). While medical science backs up the efficiency and necessity of vaccines, within the past decade, a rise in parents disbelieving the medical community and neglecting to immunize their children has occurred. This “fear of vaccines” is nothing new, but with the ever-increasing safety of vaccines, the benefits of inoculation far outweigh the risks. Parents who refuse to vaccinate, or anti-vaxxers, put more than their children’s lives on the line, but also risk the safety of the whole community. Because vaccines are essential to protecting individuals and communities
We are always hearing on the news and in newspapers about children catching diseases and often dying from them. Why is this happening when all of these diseases are easily preventable by simply being immunised, why aren’t parents getting their children Immunised, is it for religious beliefs or just carelessness. What ever their reason may be is it really good enough, because why would anyone rather let their child be able to catch and spread a deadly disease then have them Immunised, so Immunisation should be made compulsory for all children.
Despite the important and positive benefits of vaccinations, some people believe that vaccinating their children can cause serious health problems. Psychological, social, and cultural factors can also play a role in the parents’ decision in whether or not they wish to vaccinate their child (M. Ruijs., 2012). I feel that is it personal responsibility of all parents to vaccinate their children. Despite any pain or discomfort that a child may experience from the given injections, vaccinations are in the best interest of the child. It is very important to vaccinate children as it will protect them against many serious and potentially fatal diseases. Vaccinations are fast acting, harmless to the recipient, and extremely effective.